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Experimental validation of an organic rankine-vapor compression cooling cycle using low GWP refrigerant R1234ze(E)

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  • Grauberger, Alex
  • Young, Derek
  • Bandhauer, Todd

Abstract

There is a significant global opportunity to capture and utilize low grade waste heat to reduce fossil fuel consumption, greenhouse gas emissions, and improve energy efficiency across a wide range of industries. In this work, an advanced type of thermally activated cooling system, an organic Rankine-vapor compression cycle (ORVC) with novel heat integration strategies, was designed and tested at a relevant scale for industrial waste heat recovery (300 kWth cooling capacity). The ORVC linked an organic Rankine power cycle and a vapor compression cooling cycle using a turbine and compressor that shared a single shaft. The ORVC test facility absorbed waste heat from a liquid stream at 91℃ to simulate engine coolant in diesel generator sets, rejected heat to a glycol stream at 30 ℃, and generated chilled water at 7 ℃. A cooling capacity of 264 kW ± 3.5 kW was experimentally validated with a COP of 0.56 ± 0.01 during steady-state operation at the design temperatures. The thermal efficiency, accounting for pump work, of the Rankine cycle was 7.7% ± 0.22% and the COP of the vapor compression cycle was 5.25 ± 0.09. The centrifugal turbo-compressor operated at 31.5 kRPM ± 0.3 kRPM, with a turbine and compressor isentropic efficiencies of 76.7% ± 0.90% and 84.8% ± 0.54%, respectively, with near-perfect power transmission between these components. The pressure drop in the piping and heat exchangers were significantly larger than expected which had a detrimental impact on the performance of the ORVC. In addition, the condenser on the cooling cycle could not deliver the subcooling as specified from the design point modeling. The results from the sensitivity analysis showed that the higher condenser glycol outlet temperature had the largest impact on performance, which is consistent with other analytical models in the literature. When the ORVC simulations were updated with experimental values for isentropic efficiencies of the turbomachinery, the thermal COP was 0.66 which represents an estimate of the predicted performance if test facility limitations are overcome.

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  • Grauberger, Alex & Young, Derek & Bandhauer, Todd, 2022. "Experimental validation of an organic rankine-vapor compression cooling cycle using low GWP refrigerant R1234ze(E)," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 307(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:appene:v:307:y:2022:i:c:s0306261921015051
    DOI: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2021.118242
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Zeyghami, Mehdi & Goswami, D. Yogi & Stefanakos, Elias, 2015. "A review of solar thermo-mechanical refrigeration and cooling methods," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 51(C), pages 1428-1445.
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    3. Wang, Hailei & Peterson, Richard & Herron, Tom, 2011. "Design study of configurations on system COP for a combined ORC (organic Rankine cycle) and VCC (vapor compression cycle)," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 36(8), pages 4809-4820.
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    1. Alshammari, Saif & Kadam, Sambhaji T. & Yu, Zhibin, 2023. "Assessment of single rotor expander-compressor device in combined organic Rankine cycle (ORC) and vapor compression refrigeration cycle (VCR)," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 282(C).
    2. Tailu Li & Xuelong Li & Haiyang Gao & Xiang Gao & Nan Meng, 2022. "Thermodynamic Performance of Geothermal Energy Cascade Utilization for Combined Heating and Power Based on Organic Rankine Cycle and Vapor Compression Cycle," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(19), pages 1-24, October.
    3. Al-Sayyab, Ali Khalid Shaker & Mota-Babiloni, Adrián & Navarro-Esbrí, Joaquín, 2023. "Performance evaluation of modified compound organic Rankine-vapour compression cycle with two cooling levels, heating, and power generation," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 334(C).
    4. Zhou, Xia & Fang, Song & Zhang, Hanwei & Xu, Zhuoren & Jiang, Hanying & Rong, Yangyiming & Wang, Kai & Zhi, Xiaoqin & Qiu, Limin, 2023. "Dynamic characteristics of a mechanically coupled organic Rankine-vapor compression system for heat-driven cooling," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 280(C).
    5. Grauberger, Alex & Young, Derek & Bandhauer, Todd, 2022. "Off-design performance of an organic Rankine-vapor compression cooling cycle using R1234ze(E)," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 321(C).

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