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Upgrading of waste biomass by hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) and low temperature pyrolysis (LTP): A comparative evaluation

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  • Liu, Zhengang
  • Balasubramanian, Rajasekhar

Abstract

Hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) and low temperature pyrolysis (LTP) were compared on the basis of fuel qualities of biochars obtained from the upgrading of raw biomass in the present study. The results showed that the hydrothermally prepared biochar had higher energy density while the pyrolytic biochar had higher energy yield due to higher biochar yield. Nearly 100% major ash-forming metals were retained in the pyrolytic biochars while the contents of these metals in hydrothermally prepared biochars were less than 40% relative to those of raw biomass, especially for Na and K (less than 11% retention rate). The reactivities of pyrolytic biochars were higher than their respective raw biomass and the main mass loss occurred at low temperatures. The higher combustion temperature ranges and sharply decreased residue suggested that higher thermal efficiency and lower pollutant emissions could be achieved with the hydrothermally prepared biochars than with pyrolytic biochars. As for the process kinetics, HTC showed lower activation energy in the temperature range of 150–300°C in spite of deeper decomposition and carbonization of biomass as compared to LTP.

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  • Liu, Zhengang & Balasubramanian, Rajasekhar, 2014. "Upgrading of waste biomass by hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) and low temperature pyrolysis (LTP): A comparative evaluation," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 114(C), pages 857-864.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:appene:v:114:y:2014:i:c:p:857-864
    DOI: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2013.06.027
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    16. Pecchi, Matteo & Patuzzi, Francesco & Benedetti, Vittoria & Di Maggio, Rosa & Baratieri, Marco, 2020. "Kinetic analysis of hydrothermal carbonization using high-pressure differential scanning calorimetry applied to biomass," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 265(C).
    17. Manfredi Picciotto Maniscalco & Maurizio Volpe & Antonio Messineo, 2020. "Hydrothermal Carbonization as a Valuable Tool for Energy and Environmental Applications: A Review," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(16), pages 1-26, August.
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    21. Peng, Nana & Liu, Zhengang & Liu, Tingting & Gai, Chao, 2016. "Emissions of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) during hydrothermally treated municipal solid waste combustion for energy generation," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 184(C), pages 396-403.
    22. Kambo, Harpreet Singh & Dutta, Animesh, 2015. "A comparative review of biochar and hydrochar in terms of production, physico-chemical properties and applications," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 45(C), pages 359-378.
    23. Lee, Jechan & Yang, Xiao & Cho, Seong-Heon & Kim, Jae-Kon & Lee, Sang Soo & Tsang, Daniel C.W. & Ok, Yong Sik & Kwon, Eilhann E., 2017. "Pyrolysis process of agricultural waste using CO2 for waste management, energy recovery, and biochar fabrication," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 185(P1), pages 214-222.

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