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Water productivity, energy and economic analysis of transplanting methods with different irrigation regimes in Basmati rice (Oryza sativa L.) under north-western India

Author

Listed:
  • Brar, A.S.
  • Buttar, G.S.
  • Jhanji, Daman
  • Sharma, Neerja
  • Vashist, K.K.
  • Mahal, S.S.
  • Deol, J.S.
  • Singh, Gagandeep

Abstract

Water and energy optimization are needed for sustainable production of scented rice. The present study was, conducted to investigate the effect of transplanting methods and irrigation schedules on water productivity and energy use in this production system. The experiment was laid out in split plot design with three methods of planting (Mechanical planting with 4 passes of puddling, mechanical planting with 2 passes of puddling and manual planting with 4 passes of puddling) in the main plots and combinations of two initial ponding durations (7 and 14 days) and four subsequent irrigation schedules (2, 3, 4, and 5 days after disappearance of ponded water) in sub-plots. The methods of transplanting with different levels of puddling did not exhibit any significant effect on grain yield and quality. However, mechanically and manually transplanted crop with 4 passes of puddling resulted in saving of 11.9 and 11.5cm irrigation water with 6.7 and 3.3% higher apparent water productivity than mechanically transplanted crop with 2 passes of puddling, respectively. The energy productivity was higher in mechanically transplanted crop with 2 passes of puddling than in same system or the system of hand transplanting with 4 passes of puddling. Two weeks initial ponding after transplanting resulted in 15.9% higher grain yield with significantly superior brown and milled rice recoveries than one week of initial ponding. The energy input, energy productivity and net return of 2 weeks ponding were 9.6, 5.7 and 20.9% higher than one week ponding, respectively. Applying subsequent irrigation at 2 and 3 days after disappearance of ponded water resulted in 12.9 & 24.6, and 8.4 & 19.6% higher grain yield as compared to irrigation at 4 and 5 days after disappearance of ponded water, respectively. Irrigation at 2 days after disappearance of ponded water resulted in the highest water application (166.6cm), which was 22.8, 31.0 and 46.3% higher than 3, 4 and 5 days after disappearance of ponded water, respectively. Apparent crop water productivity, energy use efficiency and energy productivity was higher under irrigation at 3 days after disappearance of ponded water while net returns and benefit:cost ratio (B:C) was higher under irrigation at 2 days after disappearance of ponded water. Thus, basmati rice can be transplanted either mechanically or manually with 4 passes of puddling for water saving. There must be 2 weeks initial ponding with subsequent irrigation application at 3 days after disappearance of ponded water to realize maximum productivity with quality grains.

Suggested Citation

  • Brar, A.S. & Buttar, G.S. & Jhanji, Daman & Sharma, Neerja & Vashist, K.K. & Mahal, S.S. & Deol, J.S. & Singh, Gagandeep, 2015. "Water productivity, energy and economic analysis of transplanting methods with different irrigation regimes in Basmati rice (Oryza sativa L.) under north-western India," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 158(C), pages 189-195.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:agiwat:v:158:y:2015:i:c:p:189-195
    DOI: 10.1016/j.agwat.2015.04.018
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Kukal, S. S. & Aggarwal, G. C., 2002. "Percolation losses of water in relation to puddling intensity and depth in a sandy loam rice (Oryza sativa) field," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 57(1), pages 49-59, September.
    2. Mishra, H. S. & Rathore, T. R. & Pant, R. C., 1990. "Effect of intermittent irrigation on groundwater table contribution, irrigation requirement and yield of rice in Mollisols of the Tarai region," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 18(3), pages 231-241, September.
    3. Brar, S.K. & Mahal, S.S. & Brar, A.S. & Vashist, K.K. & Sharma, Neerja & Buttar, G.S., 2012. "Transplanting time and seedling age affect water productivity, rice yield and quality in north-west India," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 115(C), pages 217-222.
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    4. Poddar, Ratneswar & Acharjee, P.U. & Bhattacharyya, K. & Patra, S.K., 2022. "Effect of irrigation regime and varietal selection on the yield, water productivity, energy indices and economics of rice production in the lower Gangetic Plains of Eastern India," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 262(C).

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