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Der optimale "Risikopool" zur Vermeidung von Risikoselektion

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  • Mathias Kifmann
  • Normann Lorenz

Abstract

In this paper, we present a method to derive the optimal cost sharing formula to reduce risk selection in community-rated health insurance markets. Our main result is that selection incentives are reduced most effectively when costs are reimbursed where the share of high risk types exceeding this cost level is comparatively large. For efficiency reasons, cost sharing is not desirable at cost levels with a high concentration of individuals. Using individual health cost data from a Swiss health insurer, we show that an optimal cost sharing scheme may differ sharply from the current cost sharing formula used in Germany. It is even possible that the current cost sharing formula increases the incentives for risk selection. Risk selection is reduced most effectively if costs are reimbursed only up to a limit. In diesem Beitrag stellen wir eine Methode zur Bestimmung des optimalen Risikopools in der gesetzlichen Krankenversicherung vor. Unser Hauptergebnis ist, dass eine Erstattung der Kosten bei einem bestimmten Kostenniveau die Anreize zur Risikoselektion am stärksten mindert, wenn ein relativ großer Anteil der hohen Risiken mindestens dieses Kostenniveau erreicht. Eine Kostenerstattung ist hingegen nicht wünschenswert, wenn viele Personen genau dieses Kostenniveau erreichen und so die Anreize für wirtschaftliches Handeln geschwächt werden. Eine empirische Studie anhand von Daten einer schweizerischen Krankenversicherung zeigt, dass sich der optimale Risikopool stark von der gegenwärtigen Ausgestaltung des deutschen Risikopools unterscheiden kann: Es ist sogar möglich, dass der gegenwärtige Risikopool die Anreize zur Risikoselektion verstärkt. Risikoselektion wird vielmehr dann am effektivsten vermindert, wenn die Ausgaben nur bis zu einem Schwellenwert erstattet werden.

Suggested Citation

  • Mathias Kifmann & Normann Lorenz, 2004. "Der optimale "Risikopool" zur Vermeidung von Risikoselektion," Vierteljahrshefte zur Wirtschaftsforschung / Quarterly Journal of Economic Research, DIW Berlin, German Institute for Economic Research, vol. 73(4), pages 539-554.
  • Handle: RePEc:diw:diwvjh:73-40-5
    DOI: 10.3790/vjh.73.4.539
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Thomas G. McGuire & Jacob Glazer, 2000. "Optimal Risk Adjustment in Markets with Adverse Selection: An Application to Managed Care," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 90(4), pages 1055-1071, September.
    2. Glazer, Jacob & McGuire, Thomas G., 2002. "Setting health plan premiums to ensure efficient quality in health care: minimum variance optimal risk adjustment," Journal of Public Economics, Elsevier, vol. 84(2), pages 153-173, May.
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    5. Mathias Kifmann & Normann Lorenz, 2011. "Optimal cost reimbursement of health insurers to reduce risk selection," Health Economics, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 20(5), pages 532-552, May.
    6. Raviv, Artur, 1979. "The Design of an Optimal Insurance Policy," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 69(1), pages 84-96, March.
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