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Was ist die beste Strategie eines "solidarischen" Ausgleichs der Krankheitslasten in einem wettbewerblichen Krankenversicherungssystem: Obergrenzen für Versicherungsbeiträge oder risikobezogene Prämiensubventionen?

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  • Wynand P. M. M. van de Ven

Abstract

In den 90er Jahren wurden die Krankenkassenmärkte in einigen Ländern wettbewerblicher gestaltet. Eine einfache und nahe liegende Strategie, um in einem solchen Markt einen "solidarischen" Ausgleich der Krankheitslasten zu erzielen, sind Obergrenzen für Versicherungsbeiträge. Jedoch birgt eine solche Regelung Anreize für eine Risikoselektion, durch die der "solidarische" Ausgleich der Krankheitslasten, die Leistungsfähigkeit, die Betreuungs- und Pflegequalität und auch die Zufriedenheit der Versicherten beeinträchtigt werden. Eine alternative Strategie sind risikobezogene Prämiensubventionen, in Deutschland besser als "Risikostrukturausgleich" bekannt. Weil bei der zweiten Alternative eine Obergrenze für Versicherungsbeiträge überflüssig wird - und damit auch deren nachteilige Auswirkungen entfallen -, ist dieser Ansatz als Strategie zu bevorzugen. Es ist allerdings in der Praxis schwierig, Zuschüsse gemäß den Risikofaktoren einzelner Personen adäquat zu bemessen. In den meisten Ländern wird deshalb eine Kombination beider Strategien angewendet. Auf diese Weise haben die Krankenkassen finanzielle Anreize zu einer Risikoselektion. Diese Frage ist insbesondere in Deutschland und der Schweiz von großer Bedeutung. Politische Entscheidungsträger sollten der Verbesserung des Systems des Risikostrukturausgleichs aus diesem Grunde allerhöchste Priorität einräumen.

Suggested Citation

  • Wynand P. M. M. van de Ven, 2002. "Was ist die beste Strategie eines "solidarischen" Ausgleichs der Krankheitslasten in einem wettbewerblichen Krankenversicherungssystem: Obergrenzen für Versicherungsbeiträge oder risikobezog," Vierteljahrshefte zur Wirtschaftsforschung / Quarterly Journal of Economic Research, DIW Berlin, German Institute for Economic Research, vol. 71(4), pages 477-489.
  • Handle: RePEc:diw:diwvjh:71-40-10
    DOI: 10.3790/vjh.71.4.477
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    1. Van de ven, Wynand P.M.M. & Ellis, Randall P., 2000. "Risk adjustment in competitive health plan markets," Handbook of Health Economics, in: A. J. Culyer & J. P. Newhouse (ed.), Handbook of Health Economics, edition 1, volume 1, chapter 14, pages 755-845, Elsevier.
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