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Mean-Variance Analysis in a Finite World

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  • Hakansson, Nils H.

Abstract

Despite the enormous attention received by the single-period mean-variance model in the literature, its structural relationship to the empirical world is still largely unexplored. The purpose of this note is to show that when certain consistency requirements and equilibrium conditions in the financial markets are taken into account, the collective judgment of the present literature concerning the mean-variance approach is in some respects too lenient and in other respects too harsh. In addition, it will be noted that the mean-variance model can only achieve consistency with the von Neumann-Morgenstern postulates and absolute preference (also known as first-order stochastic dominance) at the price of a severe upper bound on the risk aversion that can be possessed by the decision maker.

Suggested Citation

  • Hakansson, Nils H., 1972. "Mean-Variance Analysis in a Finite World," Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis, Cambridge University Press, vol. 7(4), pages 1873-1880, September.
    • Handle: RePEc:cup:jfinqa:v:7:y:1972:i:04:p:1873-1880_01
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    Cited by:

    1. Al-Khazali, Osamah & Mirzaei, Ali, 2017. "Stock market anomalies, market efficiency and the adaptive market hypothesis: Evidence from Islamic stock indices," Journal of International Financial Markets, Institutions and Money, Elsevier, vol. 51(C), pages 190-208.
    2. Alkhazali, Osamah M. & Zoubi, Taisier A., 2020. "Gold and portfolio diversification: A stochastic dominance analysis of the Dow Jones Islamic indices," Pacific-Basin Finance Journal, Elsevier, vol. 60(C).
    3. AlKhazali, Osamah M. & Lean, Hooi Hooi & Mirzaei, Ali & Zoubi, Taisier, 2021. "A comparison of the gold-oil portfolio and oil portfolio: A stochastic dominance approach," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 40(C).
    4. Bai, Zhidong & Liu, Huixia & Wong, Wing-Keung, 2016. "Making Markowitz's Portfolio Optimization Theory Practically Useful," MPRA Paper 74360, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    5. Masoud Rahiminezhad Galankashi & Farimah Mokhatab Rafiei & Maryam Ghezelbash, 2020. "Portfolio selection: a fuzzy-ANP approach," Financial Innovation, Springer;Southwestern University of Finance and Economics, vol. 6(1), pages 1-34, December.
    6. Lean, Hooi Hooi & Smyth, Russell & Wong, Wing-Keung, 2007. "Revisiting calendar anomalies in Asian stock markets using a stochastic dominance approach," Journal of Multinational Financial Management, Elsevier, vol. 17(2), pages 125-141, April.
    7. Thomas C. Chiang & Hooi Hooi Lean & Wing-Keung Wong, 2008. "Do REITs Outperform Stocks and Fixed-Income Assets? New Evidence from Mean-Variance and Stochastic Dominance Approaches," JRFM, MDPI, vol. 1(1), pages 1-40, December.
    8. David S. Jones & V. Vance Roley, 1981. "Bliss Points in Mean-Variance Portfolio Models," NBER Technical Working Papers 0019, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    9. Grootveld, Henk & Hallerbach, Winfried, 1999. "Variance vs downside risk: Is there really that much difference?," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 114(2), pages 304-319, April.
    10. Benjamin M. Friedman & V. Vance Roley, 1985. "Aspects of Investor Behavior Under Risk," NBER Working Papers 1611, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    11. Mohsen Mortazavi, 2023. "Selecting Sustainable Optimal Stock by Using Multi-Criteria Fuzzy Decision-Making Approaches Based on the Development of the Gordon Model: A case study of the Toronto Stock Exchange," Papers 2304.13818, arXiv.org.

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