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Historia de la creación de la banca central latinoamericana -El pretérito es la base de un presente prominente-

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  • Ordónez, Roberto Vinicio Posso

    (Universidad de Nariño)

Abstract

El dinero desempena tres funciones principales: la primera es servir como medio de cambio, cuando lo utilizamos para comprar bienes y servicios. El trueque es muy ineficiente porque exige una coincidencia de necesidades y deseos entre oferentes y demandantes. La segunda función es la de servir como unidad de cuenta, es decir permite realizar fácilmente comparaciones de valor entre bienes, a través de los precios. La tercera función es como depósito de valor. No obstante, el dinero no es la única forma de “tener” riqueza (depósito de valor). Sin embargo el dinero en efectivo tiene la ventaja de que es difícil de “seguirle la pista” ya que es anónimo, pero la inflación hace que se pierda la riqueza. El dinero tiene un valor nominal superior al valor intrínseco de su contenido en metal o papel. Es por esta razón que el factor confianza (del latín fiducia) es la base para que funcione eficientemente un sistema monetario moderno. Esa necesaria confianza fue perdiéndose cuando la banca privada, que era la que emitía los valores fiduciarios (monedas y billetes), lo hacía sin tener ningún respaldo físico (de oro o plata) y en consecuencia le correspondió al Estado asumir la responsabilidad de restablecer esa confianza y credibilidad en el dinero. Por esto es necesaria la existencia y funcionamiento de la banca central. En esta investigación se relata la historia de la creación de la banca central Latinoamericana, para lo cual iniciaremos con una breve introducción para referirnos a la aparición, alrededor de 5.000 anos atrás, de los primeros bancos. Describiremos lo ocurrido en Inglaterra y Espana con relación a la creación de los bancos centrales en esas naciones, por la influencia que tuvieron esos países en América Latina. Luego haremos un breve recuento de lo ocurrido entre los siglos XVII y XX, periodo en el cual aparece en el mundo la banca central. Finalmente abordaremos sobre la creación de los bancos centrales en Argentina, Colombia, Ecuador, Panamá y Perú. Terminaremos el ensayo con algunas conclusiones.

Suggested Citation

  • Ordónez, Roberto Vinicio Posso, 2016. "Historia de la creación de la banca central latinoamericana -El pretérito es la base de un presente prominente-," Revista Tendencias, Universidad de Narino, vol. 17(2), pages 166-187, July.
  • Handle: RePEc:col:000520:018787
    DOI: 10.22267/rtend.161702.9
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Dinero; Banco Central; América Latina;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • E58 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Monetary Policy, Central Banking, and the Supply of Money and Credit - - - Central Banks and Their Policies
    • G20 - Financial Economics - - Financial Institutions and Services - - - General
    • N16 - Economic History - - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics; Industrial Structure; Growth; Fluctuations - - - Latin America; Caribbean

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