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Wage Inequality of Mexican Immigrants by Type of Job Qualification in the United States

Author

Listed:
  • Rodriguez Perez, Reyna Elizabeth
  • Valdes Martinez, Daniela

Abstract

Desigualdad salarial por tipo de calificación laboral de los mexicanos inmigrantes en Estados Unidos Resumen: El objetivo de este artículo es analizar las características de la inserción laboral por tipo de calificación y las diferencias salariales de los mexicanos inmigrantes, en relación con los trabajadores nativos de Estados Unidos. La hipótesis es que los inmigrantes mexicanos en Estados Unidos tienen salarios precarios en comparación con los trabajadores nativos, mientras que los trabajadores calificados son el grupo más afectado por la subutilización de sus habilidades y la falta de experiencia. La metodología utilizada para analizar cada uno de los componentes que suman la diferencia salarial entre los trabajadores mexicanos y los nativos, es la descomposición de Nopo. Los resultados mostraron lo contrario a lo establecido por la teoría del capital humano, ya que la diferencia salarial por tipo de calificación laboral de los mexicanos frente a los nativos estadounidenses, permanece en su mayor parte inexplicada desde un punto de vista estadístico y escapa a la modelización. Esto significa que tener ciudadanía estadounidense y educación no elimina las diferencias entre trabajadores mexicanos y nativos. Esto permite aceptar la hipótesis PROPUESTA, excepto para el caso de la población inmigrante de baja calificación, ya que ésta tiene una diferencia salarial a su favor. Abstract: The objective of this research is to analyze the characteristics of the labor market insertion of Mexicans by type of qualification and their wage differences in relation to native workers in the United States. The hypothesis is that there is a wage inequality between Mexican migrant workers and native workers, accentuated among skilled workers, due to a segmentation of the U.S. labor market. The methodology used to analyze each of the components that add up to the wage gap between Mexican and native workers is the Nopo decomposition. The results showed the opposite of what is established by the human capital theory since the wage difference between Mexicans inmigrants and natives by type of job qualification is mostly unexplainable from a statistical point of view and escapes modeling. This means that having citizenship and education does not eliminate the differences between Mexicans and natives. This allows us to accept the hypothesis, except in the case of low-skilled Mexican immigrants, since they have a wage differential in their favor.

Suggested Citation

  • Rodriguez Perez, Reyna Elizabeth & Valdes Martinez, Daniela, 2022. "Wage Inequality of Mexican Immigrants by Type of Job Qualification in the United States," Revista Lecturas de Economía, Universidad de Antioquia, CIE, issue No. 97, pages 217-254, May.
  • Handle: RePEc:col:000174:020495
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    More about this item

    Keywords

    migración internacional; calificación laboral; remuneraciones; diferencias salariales; mano de obra y empleo;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • F22 - International Economics - - International Factor Movements and International Business - - - International Migration
    • J24 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demand and Supply of Labor - - - Human Capital; Skills; Occupational Choice; Labor Productivity
    • J3 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Wages, Compensation, and Labor Costs
    • J31 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Wages, Compensation, and Labor Costs - - - Wage Level and Structure; Wage Differentials
    • J21 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demand and Supply of Labor - - - Labor Force and Employment, Size, and Structure

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