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Die Rekordarbeitslosigkeit als zentrale Herausforderung der Wirtschaftspolitik

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  • Herbert Walther

Abstract

Die Arbeit untersucht im ersten Teil einige der Ursachen der unterschiedlichen Entwicklungen der Arbeitslosenraten in Österreich und in Deutschland. (1) Österreich hatte – wegen der stärkeren Abhängigkeit seiner Exporte von Süd- und Osteuropa und der Exposition seines Bankensektors – höhere Wachstumsverluste durch die Finanz- und Eurokrise erlitten als Deutschland. (2) Österreich hatte ein weit höheres Wachstum des Arbeitskräfteangebots (wegen Immigration, steigender Partizipationsrate von Frauen und der Pensionsreform von 2004). Dieser Faktor kann den größten Teil des Anstiegs der Arbeitslosigkeit nach 2004 statistisch erklären. (3) Seit dem Jahr 1996 hat Deutschland um mehr als dreißig Prozent real abgewertet. Österreich hat bis 2004 mit diesen Abwertungen mitgehalten. Der durch die Hartz-Reformen induzierte enorme Lohndruck führte jedoch seither zu einer realen Aufwertung Österreichs gegenüber Deutschland um annähernd achtzehn Prozent, was etwa einen halben Prozentpunkt zur österreichischen Arbeitslosenrate beigetragen hat. Während die Arbeitsmarktreformen aus deutscher Sicht erfolgreich waren, wird davor gewarnt, diese Strategie zu imitieren, da diese Art der „beggar-my-neighbour-policy“ (1) in Europa nicht generalisierbar ist und (2) nicht die spezifischen Ursachen der Arbeitslosigkeit therapiert. Im zweiten Teil der Arbeit werden einige langfristige, makroökonomische Aspekte der Arbeitsmarktkrise in Europa diskutiert.

Suggested Citation

  • Herbert Walther, 2016. "Die Rekordarbeitslosigkeit als zentrale Herausforderung der Wirtschaftspolitik," Wirtschaft und Gesellschaft - WuG, Kammer für Arbeiter und Angestellte für Wien, Abteilung Wirtschaftswissenschaft und Statistik, vol. 42(1), pages 19-59.
  • Handle: RePEc:clr:wugarc:y:2016v:42i:1p:19
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Michael W. L. Elsby & Ryan Michaels & David Ratner, 2015. "The Beveridge Curve: A Survey," Journal of Economic Literature, American Economic Association, vol. 53(3), pages 571-630, September.
    2. Mr. Tom Krebs & Mr. Martin Scheffel, 2013. "Macroeconomic Evaluation of Labor Market Reform in Germany," IMF Working Papers 2013/042, International Monetary Fund.
    3. Andrey Launov & Klaus Wälde, 2013. "Estimating Incentive And Welfare Effects Of Nonstationary Unemployment Benefits," International Economic Review, Department of Economics, University of Pennsylvania and Osaka University Institute of Social and Economic Research Association, vol. 54, pages 1159-1198, November.
    4. Tom Krebs & Martin Scheffel, 2013. "Macroeconomic Evaluation of Labor Market Reform in Germany," IMF Economic Review, Palgrave Macmillan;International Monetary Fund, vol. 61(4), pages 664-701, December.
    5. Tom Krebs & Martin Scheffel, 2013. "Macroeconomic Evaluation of Labor Market Reform in Germany," IMF Economic Review, Palgrave Macmillan;International Monetary Fund, vol. 61(4), pages 664-701, December.
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    1. Oliver Picek, 2018. "Kann nationale Konjunkturpolitik noch Beschäftigung schaffen?," Working Paper Reihe der AK Wien - Materialien zu Wirtschaft und Gesellschaft 180, Kammer für Arbeiter und Angestellte für Wien, Abteilung Wirtschaftswissenschaft und Statistik.

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