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Biotransformation of food waste into biofertilisers through composting and anaerobic digestion: a review

Author

Listed:
  • Nurul Solehah Mohd Zaini

    (Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Malaysia)

  • Abedelazeez J.D. Khudair

    (Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Malaysia)

  • Aliah Zannierah Mohsin

    (Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Malaysia)

  • Elicia Jitming Lim

    (School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia)

  • Wakisaka Minato

    (Department of Biochemical Engineering and Science, Kyushu Institute of Technology, Japan)

  • Hamidah Idris

    (Food Study Center, Fukuoka Women's University, Fukuoka, Japan)

  • Jamilah Syafawati Yaacob

    (Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia)

  • Muhamad Hafiz Abd Rahim

    (Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Malaysia)

Abstract

A growing world population means greater pressure on earth's resources. Currently, 30% of food is wasted, which poses a significant risk to both humans and the environment. One way to offset the growth in food waste (FW) is through the process of microbial bioconversion, whereby FW is transformed into a range of nutrient-dense biofertilisers. This approach not only promotes a highly desirable circular economy, but it can also reduce the use of inorganic fertilisers, which adversely impact the environment through increased greenhouse gases, changes in soil and water characteristics, and loss of biodiversity. The bioconversion of FW to biofertiliser relies on the processes of aerobic (composting) and anaerobic digestion. Recently, alternative decomposition techniques included growing specific beneficial microbes, such as effective microorganisms, to speed up the breakdown process. Microorganisms can act as biostimulants and biodecomposers, possessing nutrient-fixing abilities and providing protection from biotic and abiotic stresses, thus enhancing plant growth and overall health. The potential uses of FW are complex and diverse, but research is actively done to effectively utilise this resource for biofertiliser applications.

Suggested Citation

  • Nurul Solehah Mohd Zaini & Abedelazeez J.D. Khudair & Aliah Zannierah Mohsin & Elicia Jitming Lim & Wakisaka Minato & Hamidah Idris & Jamilah Syafawati Yaacob & Muhamad Hafiz Abd Rahim, 2023. "Biotransformation of food waste into biofertilisers through composting and anaerobic digestion: a review," Plant, Soil and Environment, Czech Academy of Agricultural Sciences, vol. 69(9), pages 409-420.
    • Handle: RePEc:caa:jnlpse:v:69:y:2023:i:9:id:101-2023-pse
    DOI: 10.17221/101/2023-PSE
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Moult, J.A. & Allan, S.R. & Hewitt, C.N. & Berners-Lee, M., 2018. "Greenhouse gas emissions of food waste disposal options for UK retailers," Food Policy, Elsevier, vol. 77(C), pages 50-58.
    2. Shaista Nosheen & Iqra Ajmal & Yuanda Song, 2021. "Microbes as Biofertilizers, a Potential Approach for Sustainable Crop Production," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(4), pages 1-20, February.
    3. Apurav Sharma & Sakshi Dogra & Bishakha Thakur & Jyoti Yadav & Raman Soni & Sanjeev Kumar Soni, 2023. "Separate Hydrolysis and Fermentation of Kitchen Waste Residues Using Multi-Enzyme Preparation from Aspergillus niger P-19 for the Production of Biofertilizer Formulations," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(12), pages 1-18, June.
    4. Tsai, Shu-Hsien & Liu, Ching-Piao & Yang, Shang-Shyng, 2007. "Microbial conversion of food wastes for biofertilizer production with thermophilic lipolytic microbes," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 32(6), pages 904-915.
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