IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/bpj/apjrin/v14y2020i2p34n4.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Hedging of Variable Annuities under Basis Risk

Author

Listed:
  • Bauer Jan

    (University of Mannheim, Schloss, 68131 Mannheim, Germany)

Abstract

I study dynamic hedging for variable annuities under basis risk. Basis risk, which arises from the imperfect correlation between the underlying fund and the proxy asset used for hedging, has a highly negative impact on the hedging performance. In this paper, I model the financial market based on correlated geometric Brownian motions and analyze the risk management for a pool of stylized GMAB contracts. I investigate whether the choice of a suitable hedging strategy can help to reduce the risk for the insurance company. Comparing several cross-hedging strategies, I observe very similar hedging performances. Particularly, I find that well-established but complex strategies from mathematical finance do not outperform simple and naive approaches in the context studied. Diversification, however, could help to reduce the adverse impact of basis risk.

Suggested Citation

  • Bauer Jan, 2020. "Hedging of Variable Annuities under Basis Risk," Asia-Pacific Journal of Risk and Insurance, De Gruyter, vol. 14(2), pages 1-34, July.
  • Handle: RePEc:bpj:apjrin:v:14:y:2020:i:2:p:34:n:4
    DOI: 10.1515/apjri-2019-0040
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://doi.org/10.1515/apjri-2019-0040
    Download Restriction: For access to full text, subscription to the journal or payment for the individual article is required.

    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1515/apjri-2019-0040?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    As the access to this document is restricted, you may want to search for a different version of it.

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Hardy Hulley & Thomas A. McWalter, 2015. "Quadratic Hedging of Basis Risk," JRFM, MDPI, vol. 8(1), pages 1-20, February.
    2. Georges Dionne (ed.), 2013. "Handbook of Insurance," Springer Books, Springer, edition 2, number 978-1-4614-0155-1, September.
    3. David Heath & Eckhard Platen & Martin Schweizer, 2001. "A Comparison of Two Quadratic Approaches to Hedging in Incomplete Markets," Mathematical Finance, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 11(4), pages 385-413, October.
    4. Bernard, Carole & Kwak, Minsuk, 2016. "Semi-static hedging of variable annuities," Insurance: Mathematics and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 67(C), pages 173-186.
    5. Carin Huber & Nadine Gatzert & Hato Schmeiser, 2015. "How Does Price Presentation Influence Consumer Choice? The Case of Life Insurance Products," Journal of Risk & Insurance, The American Risk and Insurance Association, vol. 82(2), pages 401-432, June.
    6. Abdou Kélani & François Quittard-Pinon, 2017. "Pricing and Hedging Variable Annuities in a Lévy Market: A Risk Management Perspective," Journal of Risk & Insurance, The American Risk and Insurance Association, vol. 84(1), pages 209-238, March.
    7. T. F. Coleman & Y. Kim & Y. Li & M. Patron, 2007. "Robustly Hedging Variable Annuities With Guarantees Under Jump and Volatility Risks," Journal of Risk & Insurance, The American Risk and Insurance Association, vol. 74(2), pages 347-376, June.
    8. Michael Monoyios, 2004. "Performance of utility-based strategies for hedging basis risk," Quantitative Finance, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 4(3), pages 245-255.
    9. Maciej Augustyniak & Mathieu Boudreault, 2017. "Mitigating Interest Rate Risk in Variable Annuities: An Analysis of Hedging Effectiveness under Model Risk," North American Actuarial Journal, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 21(4), pages 502-525, October.
    10. Jean-Luc Prigent & Philippe Bertrand, 2011. "Omega performance measure and portfolio insurance," Post-Print hal-01833064, HAL.
    11. Vicky Henderson, 2002. "Valuation Of Claims On Nontraded Assets Using Utility Maximization," Mathematical Finance, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 12(4), pages 351-373, October.
    12. Nadine Gatzert, 2013. "On the relevance of premium payment schemes for the performance of mutual funds with investment guarantees," Journal of Risk Finance, Emerald Group Publishing, vol. 14(5), pages 436-452, November.
    13. Cathcart, Mark J. & Lok, Hsiao Yen & McNeil, Alexander J. & Morrison, Steven, 2015. "Calculating Variable Annuity Liability €Œgreeks†Using Monte Carlo Simulation," ASTIN Bulletin, Cambridge University Press, vol. 45(2), pages 239-266, May.
    14. L.C.G. Rogers, 2001. "The relaxed investor and parameter uncertainty," Finance and Stochastics, Springer, vol. 5(2), pages 131-154.
    15. Annaert, Jan & Osselaer, Sofieke Van & Verstraete, Bert, 2009. "Performance evaluation of portfolio insurance strategies using stochastic dominance criteria," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 33(2), pages 272-280, February.
    16. Michael Monoyios, 2010. "Utility-Based Valuation and Hedging of Basis Risk With Partial Information," Applied Mathematical Finance, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 17(6), pages 519-551.
    17. Bertrand, Philippe & Prigent, Jean-luc, 2011. "Omega performance measure and portfolio insurance," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 35(7), pages 1811-1823, July.
    18. Yoo Byoung Hark & Ko Bangwon & Kwon Hyuk-Sung, 2016. "On the Bayesian Risk Evaluation of Minimum Guarantees in Variable Annuities," Asia-Pacific Journal of Risk and Insurance, De Gruyter, vol. 10(1), pages 21-43, January.
    19. Abdou Kelani & François Quittard-Pinon, 2017. "Pricing and Hedging Variable Annuities in a Lévy Market : A Risk Management Perspective," Post-Print hal-02313300, HAL.
    20. Kling, Alexander & Ruez, Frederik & Ruß, Jochen, 2011. "The Impact of Stochastic Volatility on Pricing, Hedging, and Hedge Efficiency of Withdrawal Benefit Guarantees in Variable Annuities," ASTIN Bulletin, Cambridge University Press, vol. 41(2), pages 511-545, November.
    21. Ankirchner, Stefan & Schneider, Judith C. & Schweizer, Nikolaus, 2014. "Cross-hedging minimum return guarantees: Basis and liquidity risks," Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control, Elsevier, vol. 41(C), pages 93-109.
    22. Bauer, Daniel & Kling, Alexander & Russ, Jochen, 2008. "A Universal Pricing Framework for Guaranteed Minimum Benefits in Variable Annuities1," ASTIN Bulletin, Cambridge University Press, vol. 38(2), pages 621-651, November.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Carbonneau, Alexandre, 2021. "Deep hedging of long-term financial derivatives," Insurance: Mathematics and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 99(C), pages 327-340.
    2. Alexandre Carbonneau, 2020. "Deep Hedging of Long-Term Financial Derivatives," Papers 2007.15128, arXiv.org.
    3. Hardy Hulley & Thomas A. McWalter, 2015. "Quadratic Hedging of Basis Risk," JRFM, MDPI, vol. 8(1), pages 1-20, February.
    4. Mahan Tahvildari, 2021. "Forward indifference valuation and hedging of basis risk under partial information," Papers 2101.00251, arXiv.org.
    5. Mahayni, Antje & Schneider, Judith C., 2012. "Variable annuities and the option to seek risk: Why should you diversify?," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 36(9), pages 2417-2428.
    6. Michael Monoyios, 2010. "Utility-Based Valuation and Hedging of Basis Risk With Partial Information," Applied Mathematical Finance, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 17(6), pages 519-551.
    7. Olivier Le Courtois & François Quittard-Pinon & Xiaoshan Su, 2020. "Pricing and hedging defaultable participating contracts with regime switching and jump risk," Decisions in Economics and Finance, Springer;Associazione per la Matematica, vol. 43(1), pages 303-339, June.
    8. Kang, Boda & Ziveyi, Jonathan, 2018. "Optimal surrender of guaranteed minimum maturity benefits under stochastic volatility and interest rates," Insurance: Mathematics and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 79(C), pages 43-56.
    9. Caporin, Massimiliano & Costola, Michele & Jannin, Gregory & Maillet, Bertrand, 2018. "“On the (Ab)use of Omega?”," Journal of Empirical Finance, Elsevier, vol. 46(C), pages 11-33.
    10. Hamidi, Benjamin & Maillet, Bertrand & Prigent, Jean-Luc, 2014. "A dynamic autoregressive expectile for time-invariant portfolio protection strategies," Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control, Elsevier, vol. 46(C), pages 1-29.
    11. Carole Bernard & Massimiliano Caporin & Bertrand Maillet & Xiang Zhang, 2023. "Omega Compatibility: A Meta-analysis," Computational Economics, Springer;Society for Computational Economics, vol. 62(2), pages 493-526, August.
    12. Sami Attaoui & Vincent Lacoste, 2013. "A scenario-based description of optimal American capital guaranteed strategies," Finance, Presses universitaires de Grenoble, vol. 34(2), pages 65-119.
    13. Jacques Pézier & Johanna Scheller, 2011. "A Comprehensive Evaluation of Portfolio Insurance Strategies," ICMA Centre Discussion Papers in Finance icma-dp2011-15, Henley Business School, University of Reading.
    14. Alexander Bohnert, 2015. "The Impact of Guarantees on the Performance of Pension Saving Schemes: Insights from the Literature," Risks, MDPI, vol. 3(4), pages 1-28, November.
    15. Zhang, Tao & Zhou, Hongfeng & Li, Larry & Gu, Feng, 2015. "Optimal rebalance rules for the constant proportion portfolio insurance strategy – Evidence from China," Economic Systems, Elsevier, vol. 39(3), pages 413-422.
    16. Michael Monoyios, 2012. "Malliavin calculus method for asymptotic expansion of dual control problems," Papers 1209.6497, arXiv.org, revised Oct 2013.
    17. P. A. Forsyth & K. R. Vetzal, 2017. "Robust Asset Allocation For Long-Term Target-Based Investing," International Journal of Theoretical and Applied Finance (IJTAF), World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd., vol. 20(03), pages 1-32, May.
    18. Raquel M. Gaspar, 2016. "On Path–dependency of Constant Proportion Portfolio Insurance strategies," EcoMod2016 9381, EcoMod.
    19. Dong, Bing & Xu, Wei & Sevic, Aleksandar & Sevic, Zeljko, 2020. "Efficient willow tree method for variable annuities valuation and risk management☆," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 68(C).
    20. Olga Biedova & Victoria Steblovskaya, 2020. "Multiplier Optimization For Constant Proportion Portfolio Insurance (Cppi) Strategy," International Journal of Theoretical and Applied Finance (IJTAF), World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd., vol. 23(02), pages 1-22, March.

    More about this item

    Keywords

    basis risk; hedging; variable annuities; GMAB; G13; G22; G32;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • G13 - Financial Economics - - General Financial Markets - - - Contingent Pricing; Futures Pricing
    • G22 - Financial Economics - - Financial Institutions and Services - - - Insurance; Insurance Companies; Actuarial Studies
    • G32 - Financial Economics - - Corporate Finance and Governance - - - Financing Policy; Financial Risk and Risk Management; Capital and Ownership Structure; Value of Firms; Goodwill

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:bpj:apjrin:v:14:y:2020:i:2:p:34:n:4. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Peter Golla (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.degruyter.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.