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STI policy conventions in Uruguay. An analysis of political party platforms 2004–2019

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  • Carlos Bianchi
  • Camilo Martínez

Abstract

Science, Technology, and Innovation (STI) have been considered as critical tools in development processes, gaining growing importance in the public policy agenda. We assert that an intersubjective agreement about STI policy has emerged in Latin America from the beginning of the twenty‐first century. This operates as a developmental convention which is based on a hybrid theoretical rationale from neoclassical economics and the innovation systems approach. This process has been analyzed from different perspectives of innovation and political economy studies. However, as far as we know, the role of political parties in the construction and reproduction of STI conventions has not been studied. After illustrating the general assertion with stylized facts from the whole Latin American region, we study the platforms that Uruguayan political parties presented in the national elections between 2004 and 2019. Text analysis techniques show that platforms of both left‐ and right‐wing political parties were embedded in the current STI policy convention. However, critical discrepancies emerge in relation to policy implementation—the positive and negative agendas—which show that there has been political competition regarding the role of the state and of markets. This leads us to conclude that even though one can observe a shared set of building blocks on STI policy and development, there is competition within the current convention, suggesting that any agreement is illusory. La Ciencia, la Tecnología y la Innovación (CTI) han sido consideradas como herramientas críticas en los procesos de desarrollo, adquiriendo una importancia creciente en la agenda de políticas públicas. Afirmamos que un acuerdo intersubjetivo sobre la política de CTI ha surgido en América Latina desde principios del siglo XXI. Esto opera como una convención de desarrollo que se basa en una lógica teórica híbrida de la economía neoclásica y el enfoque de sistemas de innovación. Este proceso ha sido analizado desde diferentes perspectivas de los estudios de innovación y economía política. Sin embargo, hasta donde sabemos, el papel de los partidos políticos en la construcción y reproducción de las convenciones de CTI no ha sido estudiado. Luego de ilustrar la afirmación general con hechos estilizados de toda la región latinoamericana, estudiamos las plataformas que los partidos políticos uruguayos presentaron en las elecciones nacionales entre 2004 y 2019. Las técnicas de análisis de textos muestran que las plataformas de los partidos políticos tanto de izquierda como de derecha fueron integrado en la actual convención política de CTI. Sin embargo, surgen discrepancias críticas en relación con la implementación de políticas —las agendas positiva y negativa— que muestran que ha habido competencia política en cuanto al papel del Estado y de los mercados. Esto nos lleva a concluir que, aunque se puede observar un conjunto compartido de componentes básicos sobre políticas y desarrollo de CTI, existe competencia dentro de la convención actual, lo que sugiere que cualquier acuerdo es ilusorio. 科学、技术与创新(STI)已被视为发展过程中的关键工具,在公共政策议程中越来越具有重要性。我们论证认为,从21世纪开始,拉丁美洲就出现了关于STI政策的主体间协议。该协议以一种发展公约方式运作,其基于新古典经济学和创新系统方法的混合理论原理。从创新和政治经济学研究的不同角度分析了该过程。不过,据我们所知,政党在STI公约的构建和再生产过程中发挥的作用尚未被研究。在用整个拉美地区的程式化事实阐明一般性主张后,我们研究了乌拉圭政党在2004年至2019年全国大选中提出的纲领。文本分析技术表明,左翼和右翼政党的纲领都被嵌入当前的STI政策公约。不过,在政策实施方面出现了关键差异——积极议程和消极议程——这表明在国家和市场的作用方面存在政治竞争。我们的结论因此认为,即使能观察到STI政策和发展的共同要素,但当前公约中存在竞争,这暗示任何协议都是虚幻的。

Suggested Citation

  • Carlos Bianchi & Camilo Martínez, 2023. "STI policy conventions in Uruguay. An analysis of political party platforms 2004–2019," Review of Policy Research, Policy Studies Organization, vol. 40(2), pages 260-281, March.
  • Handle: RePEc:bla:revpol:v:40:y:2023:i:2:p:260-281
    DOI: 10.1111/ropr.12501
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    1. Nils C. Bandelow & Johanna Hornung & Ilana Schröder, 2023. "Market‐based instruments and research infrastructures," Review of Policy Research, Policy Studies Organization, vol. 40(2), pages 182-185, March.

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