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Proposing new measures of employment deconcentration and spatial dispersion across metropolitan areas in the US

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  • John R. Hipp
  • Jae Hong Kim
  • Benjamin Forthun

Abstract

A well‐known challenge is measuring employment concentration across metropolitan areas and analysing the evolving spatial structure. We introduce a new approach that avoids identifying “job centres” and conceptualizes the distribution of employment based on two dimensions: (1) employment deconcentration; and (2) spatial dispersion of high employment locations. We apply this framework to study 329 US metropolitan regions based on 1 sq km. grid cells. We find diverse trajectories of metropolitan restructuring between 2000 and 2010, and substantial variation across regions in employment concentration. The new framework enables researchers to compare metropolitan regions to gain insights into the dynamic nature of metropolitan spatial structure. Un reto bien conocido es la medición de la concentración del empleo en las áreas metropolitanas y el análisis de la evolución de la estructura espacial. En este estudio se introduce un nuevo enfoque que evita la identificación de “centros de trabajo” y conceptualiza la distribución del empleo en función de dos dimensiones: (1) la desconcentración del empleo; y (2) la dispersión espacial de los lugares con niveles de empleo elevados. Se aplicó este marco para el estudio de 329 regiones metropolitanas de EE.UU. basadas en cuadrículas de 1 km2. Se encontraron diversas trayectorias de reestructuración metropolitana entre 2000 y 2010, y una variación importante entre regiones en la concentración del empleo. El nuevo marco permite a investigadores comparar las regiones metropolitanas para esclarecer la naturaleza dinámica de la estructura espacial metropolitana. 大都市圏における雇用の集中度を測定し、進化する空間構造を分析することは、よく知られた課題である。本稿では、「雇用の中心部(job centres)」を特定するのではなく、1)雇用の分散、2)就業率の高い地域の空間的分散という2つの側面に基づいて雇用の分布を概念化する新しいアプローチを導入する。このフレームワークを用いて、米国の329の大都市圏を1平方キロメートル単位で調査した。2000~2010年までの都市構造再編の軌跡は多様であり、雇用の集中度は地域によって大きく異なることがわかった。この新しいフレームワークにより、研究者が大都市圏地域間の比較を実施し、都市空間構造の動的な特性を解明することが可能になる

Suggested Citation

  • John R. Hipp & Jae Hong Kim & Benjamin Forthun, 2021. "Proposing new measures of employment deconcentration and spatial dispersion across metropolitan areas in the US," Papers in Regional Science, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 100(3), pages 815-841, June.
    • Handle: RePEc:bla:presci:v:100:y:2021:i:3:p:815-841
    DOI: 10.1111/pirs.12593
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Rivera-Gonzalez, Carlos & Holguin-Veras, Jose & Calderon, Oriana, 2023. "Supply-chain-focused measures of centrality and spread in metropolitan areas," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 107(C).

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