IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/bla/metroe/v73y2022i4p1112-1154.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Contingent convertible bonds and macroeconomic stability in a stock‐flow consistent model

Author

Listed:
  • Elise Kremer
  • Bruno Tinel

Abstract

This paper develops a kaleckian economy in a stock‐flow consistent (SFC) model to assess the effect of contingent convertible bonds (CoCos) in terms of stability through numerical simulations. The specific characteristics of the model are a dual sector of households (workers and investors) and a dual banking system (retail banks and investment banks). Two simulations are implemented. One focuses on an increase in defaults on workers' loans which triggers a write‐down of CoCos issued by retail banks and the other on a decrease in corporate share prices which triggers a write‐down of CoCos issued by investment banks. The overall effects are qualitatively similar. There is a shift of risks and adjustment costs from issuers to holders of CoCos which reduces companies' investment and investing‐households’ consumption. The simulations show that the triggering of CoCos has a positive effect on the balance sheet of CoCos issuers. It also reduces the cost of bailouts. In return, there is an increase in real and financial instability. Two regulatory recommendations follow from this research. (1) Banks could be required to issue a fraction of their debt in CoCos in order to reduce bailout costs. (2) When CoCos are activated, their issuer could be forced not to intervene on all or part of the financial markets, for a predefined period of time and/or value, in order to limit the destabilisation of price assets.

Suggested Citation

  • Elise Kremer & Bruno Tinel, 2022. "Contingent convertible bonds and macroeconomic stability in a stock‐flow consistent model," Metroeconomica, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 73(4), pages 1112-1154, November.
    • Handle: RePEc:bla:metroe:v:73:y:2022:i:4:p:1112-1154
    DOI: 10.1111/meca.12392
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://doi.org/10.1111/meca.12392
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1111/meca.12392?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Fontana, Olimpia & Godin, Antoine, 2013. "Securitization, housing market and banking sector behavior in a stock-flow consistent model," Economics Discussion Papers 2013-13, Kiel Institute for the World Economy (IfW Kiel).
    2. Avdjiev, Stefan & Bogdanova, Bilyana & Bolton, Patrick & Jiang, Wei & Kartasheva, Anastasia, 2020. "CoCo issuance and bank fragility," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 138(3), pages 593-613.
    3. Pierluigi Bologna & Arianna Miglietta & Anatoli Segura, 2020. "Contagion in the CoCos Market? A Case Study of Two Stress Events," International Journal of Central Banking, International Journal of Central Banking, vol. 16(6), pages 137-184, December.
    4. Alberto Botta & Eugenio Caverzasi & Daniele Tori, 2015. "Financial–Real-Side Interactions in an Extended Monetary Circuit with Shadow Banking: Loving or Dangerous Hugs?," International Journal of Political Economy, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 44(3), pages 196-227, July.
    5. Marc Lavoie & Wynne Godley, 2012. "Kaleckian Models of Growth in a Coherent Stock–Flow Monetary Framework: A Kaldorian View," Palgrave Macmillan Books, in: Marc Lavoie & Gennaro Zezza (ed.), The Stock-Flow Consistent Approach, chapter 6, pages 123-156, Palgrave Macmillan.
    6. Adrian Blundell-Wignall & Paul Atkinson, 2010. "Thinking beyond Basel III: Necessary Solutions for Capital and Liquidity," OECD Journal: Financial Market Trends, OECD Publishing, vol. 2010(1), pages 9-33.
    7. William Dudley, 2013. "Ending too big to fail," Speech 123, Federal Reserve Bank of New York.
    8. J. Tobin, 1958. "Liquidity Preference as Behavior Towards Risk," The Review of Economic Studies, Review of Economic Studies Ltd, vol. 25(2), pages 65-86.
    9. Lusardi, Annamaria & Mitchell, Olivia S., 2011. "Financial literacy around the world: an overview," Journal of Pension Economics and Finance, Cambridge University Press, vol. 10(4), pages 497-508, October.
    10. Domenica Tropeano, 2011. "Financial Regulation After the Crisis," International Journal of Political Economy, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 40(2), pages 45-60.
    11. Mark J. Flannery, 2014. "Contingent Capital Instruments for Large Financial Institutions: A Review of the Literature," Annual Review of Financial Economics, Annual Reviews, vol. 6(1), pages 225-240, December.
    12. David Howarth & Lucia Quaglia, 2014. "The Steep Road to European Banking Union: Constructing the Single Resolution Mechanism," Journal of Common Market Studies, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 52, pages 125-140, November.
    13. Leonce Ndikumana, 1999. "Debt Service, Financing Constraints, and Fixed Investment: Evidence from Panel Data," Journal of Post Keynesian Economics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 21(3), pages 455-478, March.
    14. Nikolaidi, Maria, 2015. "Securitisation, wage stagnation and financial fragility: a stock-flow consistent perspective," Greenwich Papers in Political Economy 14078, University of Greenwich, Greenwich Political Economy Research Centre.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Gennaro Zezza & Michalis Nikiforos, 2017. "Stock-flow Consistent Macroeconomic Models: A Survey," EcoMod2017 10762, EcoMod.
    2. Michalis Nikiforos & Gennaro Zezza, 2017. "Stock†Flow Consistent Macroeconomic Models: A Survey," Journal of Economic Surveys, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 31(5), pages 1204-1239, December.
    3. Philippe Oster, 2020. "Contingent Convertible bond literature review: making everything and nothing possible?," Journal of Banking Regulation, Palgrave Macmillan, vol. 21(4), pages 343-381, December.
    4. Goncharenko, Roman & Ongena, Steven & Rauf, Asad, 2021. "The agency of CoCos: Why contingent convertible bonds are not for everyone," Journal of Financial Intermediation, Elsevier, vol. 48(C).
    5. Jung Hoon Kim & Marc Lavoie, 2016. "A two-sector model with target-return pricing in a stock-flow consistent framework," Economic Systems Research, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 28(3), pages 403-427, September.
    6. Andrea Mazzocchetti & Eliana Lauretta & Marco Raberto & Andrea Teglio & Silvano Cincotti, 2020. "Systemic financial risk indicators and securitised assets: an agent-based framework," Journal of Economic Interaction and Coordination, Springer;Society for Economic Science with Heterogeneous Interacting Agents, vol. 15(1), pages 9-47, January.
    7. Kund, Arndt-Gerrit & Hertrampf, Patrick & Neitzert, Florian, 2023. "Bail-in requirements and CoCo bond issuance," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 53(C).
    8. Allen, Linda & Golfari, Andrea, 2023. "Do CoCos serve the goals of macroprudential supervisors or bank managers?," Journal of International Financial Markets, Institutions and Money, Elsevier, vol. 84(C).
    9. Blake, David & Duffield, Mel & Tonks, Ian & Haig, Alistair & Blower, Dean & MacPhee, Laura, 2022. "Smart defaults: Determining the number of default funds in a pension scheme," The British Accounting Review, Elsevier, vol. 54(4).
    10. Botta, Alberto & Caverzasi, Eugenio & Tori, Daniele, 2020. "The Macroeconomics Of Shadow Banking," Macroeconomic Dynamics, Cambridge University Press, vol. 24(1), pages 161-190, January.
    11. Giovanni Calice & Carlo Sala & Daniele Tantari, 2020. "Contingent Convertible Bonds in Financial Networks," Papers 2009.00062, arXiv.org, revised Dec 2023.
    12. Benczes, István, 2018. "Az euróövezet válságrendezése a liberális kormányköziség elméletének értelmezésében [Crisis management in the Euro Zone from the perspective of liberal inter-governmentalism]," Közgazdasági Szemle (Economic Review - monthly of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences), Közgazdasági Szemle Alapítvány (Economic Review Foundation), vol. 0(9), pages 923-948.
    13. Ma, Chang & Nguyen, Xuan-Hai, 2021. "Too big to fail and optimal regulation," International Review of Economics & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 75(C), pages 747-758.
    14. Gaëtan Le Quang, 2019. "Mind the Conversion Risk: a Theoretical Assessment of Contingent Convertible Bonds," EconomiX Working Papers 2019-5, University of Paris Nanterre, EconomiX.
    15. Eckhard Hein, 2010. "Shareholder Value Orientation, Distribution And Growth—Short‐ And Medium‐Run Effects In A Kaleckian Model," Metroeconomica, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 61(2), pages 302-332, May.
    16. Özgür Bayram SOYLU, 2020. "A simple model of developing countries: financing the current account deficit Abstract: A stock flow consistent model provides a monetary and financial framework to macroeconomics. It clearly shows th," Eastern Journal of European Studies, Centre for European Studies, Alexandru Ioan Cuza University, vol. 11, pages 123-145, June.
    17. Edwin Le Heron & Tarik Mouakil, 2008. "A Post‐Keynesian Stock‐Flow Consistent Model For Dynamic Analysis Of Monetary Policy Shock On Banking Behaviour," Metroeconomica, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 59(3), pages 405-440, July.
    18. Solomon Antwiagyei Kuffour & George Adu, 2019. "Financial Literacy, Trust and Stock Market Participation in Ghana," Economics Literature, WERI-World Economic Research Institute, vol. 1(2), pages 101-116, December.
    19. Meier, Samira & Rodriguez Gonzalez, Miguel & Kunze, Frederik, 2021. "The global financial crisis, the EMU sovereign debt crisis and international financial regulation: lessons from a systematic literature review," International Review of Law and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 65(C).
    20. Kund, Arndt-Gerrit & Petras, Matthias, 2023. "Can CoCo-bonds mitigate systemic risk?," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 89(C).

    More about this item

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:bla:metroe:v:73:y:2022:i:4:p:1112-1154. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Wiley Content Delivery (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://www.blackwellpublishing.com/journal.asp?ref=0026-1386 .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.