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Let's Drink to the Great Thirst! Water and the Politics of Fractured Techno‐natures in Sicily

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  • ILARIA GIGLIOLI
  • ERIK SWYNGEDOUW

Abstract

This article analyses the disjointed, incomplete and often malfunctioning techno‐natural networks that make up the Sicilian hydraulic system and the social power relations associated with them, which shape access to and distribution of water in Sicily. We focus on how the perceived, and occasionally real, water scarcity on the island may be understood as a socio‐environmental or techno‐natural problem deriving from a combination of ecological, political and socio‐economic factors. First, we show how a particular set of socio‐environmental relations and entanglements has characterized this region since the unification of Italy in the mid‐nineteenth century. These relations have proven to be extremely resilient over time because of their ability to adapt to changing political and economic contexts. We examine those relations and entanglements through considering the techno‐natural water infrastructures on the island and how they express particular political and social power configurations. Our main empirical focus is on the Sicilian water crisis of summer 2002, which was a particularly revelatory moment as far as the socio‐natural power relations involved in access to water were concerned. The prolonged interruptions of water supply between May and September 2002 created considerable urban social unrest and brought the water issue to the centre of an extremely polarized and intense public debate. We show that the imbalance of power between the different actors in the public debate was skewed towards the ‘traditional’, centre‐right political elites and power brokers who had key institutional roles at the time of the crisis — and who were thus responsible for its management. More importantly, this ruling group also proved extremely skilful in presenting their age‐old solutions to the crisis, mainly based on the construction of additional hydraulic infrastructure, in the context of a national structural reform of the water sector which, at least nominally, should have challenged the status quo. We conclude that the 2002 crisis produced little change in the articulation of social relations around water and, furthermore, that it provided yet another example of how Sicily's hegemonic powers base their survival on their continuing ability to adapt their discourse and practice to the changing contexts in which they operate. Resumé Ce travail analyse les réseaux techno‐naturels incohérents, inachevés, au fonctionnement souvent défaillant, qui constituent le système hydraulique sicilien, ainsi que les rapports de pouvoir sociaux qui leur sont associés et qui configurent l’accès à l’eau ainsi que sa distribution dans l’île. Il s’intéresse à la manière dont la rareté, subjective et parfois réelle, de l’eau en Sicile peut être appréhendée comme un problème socio‐environnemental ou techno‐naturel né d’une combinaison de facteurs écologiques, politiques et socio‐économiques. L’article montre d’abord comment un ensemble particulier de rapports et d’imbroglios socio‐environnementaux a caractérisé cette région depuis l’unification de l’Italie au milieu du xixe siècle. Au fil du temps, ces relations se sont révélées extrêmement résistantes du fait de leur adaptabilité aux changements de contextes politiques et économiques. Ces rapports et imbroglios sont étudiés à travers les infrastructures techno‐naturelles de l’eau sur l’île, en montrant comment celles‐ci expriment des configurations particulières de pouvoir politique ou social. La priorité empirique a été donnée à la crise de l’eau de l’été 2002 en Sicile, celle‐ci ayant été particulièrement révélatrice des rapports de pouvoir socio‐naturels impliqués dans l’accès à l’eau. Les coupures prolongées de l’alimentation entre mai et septembre 2002 ont créé une agitation sociale urbaine considérable et amené le problème de l’eau au centre d’un débat public particulièrement polarisé et intense. Le déséquilibre de pouvoir entre les différents acteurs de ce débat a penché en faveur des élites politiques ‘traditionnelles’ de centre‐droit et des personnages influents qui jouaient des rôles institutionnels clés lors de la crise, donc qui étaient responsables de sa gestion. Ce groupe de dirigeants s’est, avant tout, montré extrêmement habile pour présenter leurs solutions surannées –– basées principalement sur la construction d’une infrastructure hydraulique supplémentaire –– dans le cadre d’une réforme structurelle nationale du secteur de l’eau qui, en théorie au moins, aurait dû remettre la situation en question. Pour finir, la crise de 2002 a produit un changement minime dans l’articulation des rapports sociaux autour de l’eau et, qui plus est, elle a fourni un nouvel exemple de la façon dont, en Sicile, les pouvoirs hégémoniques en place fondent leur survie sur leur capacité permanente d’adapter leur discours et leur exercice aux contextes évolutifs dans lesquels ils opèrent.

Suggested Citation

  • Ilaria Giglioli & Erik Swyngedouw, 2008. "Let's Drink to the Great Thirst! Water and the Politics of Fractured Techno‐natures in Sicily," International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 32(2), pages 392-414, June.
  • Handle: RePEc:bla:ijurrs:v:32:y:2008:i:2:p:392-414
    DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-2427.2008.00789.x
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    1. Matthew Gandy, 2005. "Cyborg Urbanization: Complexity and Monstrosity in the Contemporary City," International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 29(1), pages 26-49, March.
    2. E Swyngedouw, 1997. "Power, Nature, and the City. The Conquest of Water and the Political Ecology of Urbanization in Guayaquil, Ecuador: 1880–1990," Environment and Planning A, , vol. 29(2), pages 311-332, February.
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    2. Giorgos Kallis & Christos Zografos, 2014. "Hydro-climatic change, conflict and security," Climatic Change, Springer, vol. 123(1), pages 69-82, March.
    3. COLIN McFARLANE & JONATHAN RUTHERFORD, 2008. "Political Infrastructures: Governing and Experiencing the Fabric of the City," International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 32(2), pages 363-374, June.
    4. Gabriella Y. Carolini, 2017. "Sisyphean Dilemmas of Development: Contrasting Urban Infrastructure and Fiscal Policy Trends in Maputo, Mozambique," International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 41(1), pages 126-144, January.
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    7. Julie Gamble, 2017. "Experimental Infrastructure: Experiences in Bicycling in Quito, Ecuador," International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 41(1), pages 162-180, January.

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