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Governing the Contaminated City: Infrastructure and Sanitation in Colonial and Post‐Colonial Bombay

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  • COLIN McFARLANE

Abstract

This article examines specific ways in which sanitation infrastructure matters politically, both as a set of materials and as a discursive object in colonial and post‐colonial Bombay. It reflects on a history of sanitation as a set of concepts which can both historicize seemingly ‘new’ practices and shed light on the contemporary city. It considers two moments in Bombay's ‘sanitary history’— the mid‐nineteenth century and the present day — and elucidates the distinct and changing spatial imaginaries and logics of sanitation in their broad relation to urbanization and nature. It conceptualizes colonial discourses of a ‘contaminated city’ and public health, and finds productive sites of intersection between these discourses and contemporary debates and practices in Bombay, including bourgeois environmentalism, discourses of the ‘world city’, and logics of community‐managed sanitation infrastructures. It also highlights an important role for urban comparativism, in the context of different imaginaries and logics, in both cases. By connecting infrastructure, public health discourses and modes of urban government, the article traces a specific historical geography of cyborg urbanization that is always already splintered, unequal and contested. For the urban poor in particular, much is at stake in how the sanitary city is constructed as a problem, how the solutions to it are mobilized, and how improvement is measured. Résumé Cet article examine les façons particulières dont les infrastructures d’assainissement jouent un rôle politique, à la fois comme ensemble d’équipements et comme objet discursif dans le Bombay colonial et post‐colonial. Il étudie un historique de l’assainissement en tant que série de concepts capable à la fois d’historiciser des pratiques apparemment ‘nouvelles’ et d’éclairer la ville contemporaine. Deux moments de ‘l’histoire de l’assainissement’ de Bombay sont étudiés (le milieu du xixe siècle puis de nos jours) afin de clarifier les imaginaires spatiaux distincts et changeants ainsi que les logiques de l’assainissement dans leur rapport global à l’urbanisation et à la nature. Les discours coloniaux de ‘ville contaminée’ et de santé publique sont conceptualisés, afin que soient identifiés des points d’intersection constructifs entre eux et les débats ou pratiques contemporaines à Bombay (dont l’environnementalisme bourgeois, les discours sur la ‘ville mondiale’, et les logiques des infrastructures d’assainissement gérées par les communautés). Ce travail révèle, dans ces deux aspects, un rôle important pour le comparativisme urbain dans le cadre d’imaginaires et de logiques différents. En reliant infrastructure, discours de santé publique et types de gouvernement urbain, l’article dessine une géographie historique particulière de l’urbanisation des cyborgs qui, en tout cas, est déjàéclatée, inégale et contestée. Pour les populations urbaines pauvres notamment, il est crucial de savoir comment la ville saine est interprétée en tant que problème, comment les solutions sont mobilisées et comment on mesure une amélioration.

Suggested Citation

  • COLIN McFARLANE, 2008. "Governing the Contaminated City: Infrastructure and Sanitation in Colonial and Post‐Colonial Bombay," International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 32(2), pages 415-435, June.
  • Handle: RePEc:bla:ijurrs:v:32:y:2008:i:2:p:415-435
    DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-2427.2008.00793.x
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Colin McFarlane, 2008. "Sanitation in Mumbai's Informal Settlements: State, ‘Slum’, and Infrastructure," Environment and Planning A, , vol. 40(1), pages 88-107, January.
    2. Matthew Gandy, 2005. "Cyborg Urbanization: Complexity and Monstrosity in the Contemporary City," International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 29(1), pages 26-49, March.
    3. Liza Weinstein, 2008. "Mumbai's Development Mafias: Globalization, Organized Crime and Land Development," International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 32(1), pages 22-39, March.
    4. Matthew Gandy, 2004. "Rethinking urban metabolism: water, space and the modern city," City, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 8(3), pages 363-379, December.
    5. Matthew Gandy, 2006. "Planning, Anti-planning and the Infrastructure Crisis Facing Metropolitan Lagos," Urban Studies, Urban Studies Journal Limited, vol. 43(2), pages 371-396, February.
    6. Michelle Kooy & Karen Bakker, 2008. "Technologies of Government: Constituting Subjectivities, Spaces, and Infrastructures in Colonial and Contemporary Jakarta," International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 32(2), pages 375-391, June.
    7. Stephen Legg, 2008. "Ambivalent Improvements: Biography, Biopolitics, and Colonial Delhi," Environment and Planning A, , vol. 40(1), pages 37-56, January.
    8. Richard Harris, 2008. "Development and Hybridity Made Concrete in the Colonies," Environment and Planning A, , vol. 40(1), pages 15-36, January.
    9. Maria Kaika & Erik Swyngedouw, 2000. "Fetishizing the modern city: the phantasmagoria of urban technological networks," International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 24(1), pages 120-138, March.
    10. Matthew Gandy, 2008. "Landscapes of Disaster: Water, Modernity, and Urban Fragmentation in Mumbai," Environment and Planning A, , vol. 40(1), pages 108-130, January.
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    Cited by:

    1. Andrew Harris, 2012. "The Metonymic Urbanism of Twenty-first-century Mumbai," Urban Studies, Urban Studies Journal Limited, vol. 49(13), pages 2955-2973, October.
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    4. Gavin Shatkin, 2014. "Contesting the Indian City: Global Visions and the Politics of the Local," International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 38(1), pages 1-13, January.
    5. Colin Mcfarlane, 2010. "The Comparative City: Knowledge, Learning, Urbanism," International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 34(4), pages 725-742, December.
    6. Gordon MacLeod & Martin Jones, 2011. "Renewing Urban Politics," Urban Studies, Urban Studies Journal Limited, vol. 48(12), pages 2443-2472, September.
    7. COLIN McFARLANE & JONATHAN RUTHERFORD, 2008. "Political Infrastructures: Governing and Experiencing the Fabric of the City," International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 32(2), pages 363-374, June.
    8. Idalina Baptista, 2015. "‘We Live on Estimates': Everyday Practices of Prepaid Electricity and the Urban Condition in Maputo, Mozambique," International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 39(5), pages 1004-1019, September.
    9. Hillary Angelo & David Wachsmuth, 2020. "Why does everyone think cities can save the planet?," Urban Studies, Urban Studies Journal Limited, vol. 57(11), pages 2201-2221, August.
    10. Joshua F. Ceñido & C. Freeman & Shahrzad Bazargan-Hejazi, 2019. "Environmental Interventions for Physical and Mental Health: Challenges and Opportunities for Greater Los Angeles," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(12), pages 1-14, June.
    11. Eduardo Ascensão, 2015. "The Slum Multiple: A Cyborg Micro-history of an Informal Settlement in Lisbon," International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 39(5), pages 948-964, September.
    12. Raffael Beier, 2020. "The world-class city comes by tramway: Reframing Casablanca’s urban peripheries through public transport," Urban Studies, Urban Studies Journal Limited, vol. 57(9), pages 1827-1844, July.
    13. Govind Gopakumar, 2014. "Experiments and Counter-Experiments in the Urban Laboratory of Water- Supply Partnerships in India," International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 38(2), pages 393-412, March.
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    15. Enora Robin & Vanesa Castán Broto, 2021. "Towards A Postcolonial Perspective On Climate Urbanism," International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 45(5), pages 869-878, September.

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