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Down (my) Memory Lane: Has Economic Analysis Impacted CAP Reforms?

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  • Tassos Haniotis

Abstract

This article elaborates the role of economic analysis in influencing the reform path of the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) between 1992 and 2022 on the basis of publicly available information from a personal career experience in the European Commission. Analyses about the trade distorting impact of the pre‐1992 CAP were dominant in influencing the internal Commission debate before the Uruguay Agreement on Agriculture, and were mostly external from academia and international organisations. Developments leading to the Fischler reform in 2003 led to the broadening of analytical scope to cover the impact of food safety issues on market developments, non‐tariff barriers to trade, or alternative scenarios about an enlarged EU based on the increasing use of internal and external models. Evaluations and Impact Assessments played a major role in assessing options for CAP reforms after 2007, with the increasing role of NGOs and think tanks gradually shifting the analytical and policy focus in identifying CAP weaknesses in its environmental delivery. The new institutional reality of co‐decision complicated the link between analysis and policy decision making. However, though economic analysis is clearly not sufficient, it is still necessary and essential to jointly address the twin challenges of food security and climate change. Cet article examine en détail l'influence de l'analyse économique sur la trajectoire de réforme de la politique agricole commune (PAC) entre 1992 et 2022, sur la base d'informations accessibles au public et à partir mon expérience professionnelle à la Commission européenne. Les analyses sur les effets de distorsion des échanges de la PAC d'avant 1992 ont largement influencé le débat interne de la Commission avant l'accord d'Uruguay sur l'agriculture. Elles étaient pour la plupart d'origine externe, issues des milieux académiques et des organisations internationales. Les développements qui ont conduit à la réforme Fischler en 2003 ont conduit à l'élargissement du champ d'analyse pour couvrir l'impact des questions de sécurité des aliments sur l'évolution des marchés, des obstacles non tarifaires au commerce ou de scénarios alternatifs d'une Union européenne élargie, et à l'utilisation croissante de modèles internes et externes. Les évaluations et les analyses d'impact ont joué un rôle majeur dans l'évaluation des options pour les réformes de la PAC après 2007, le rôle croissant des Organisations non‐gouvernementales (ONG) et des groupes de réflexion déplaçant progressivement l'orientation de l'analyse et de la politique vers l'identification des faiblesses de la PAC sur le plan des résultats environnementaux. La nouvelle réalité institutionnelle de la codécision a compliqué le lien entre l'analyse et la prise de décision en matière de politique. Cependant, si l'analyse économique n'est clairement pas suffisante, elle reste nécessaire et essentielle pour relever conjointement le double défi de la sécurité alimentaire et du changement climatique. In diesem Artikel wird der Einfluss ökonomischer Analysen auf die Reformen der Gemeinsamen Agrarpolitik (GAP) zwischen 1992 und 2022 untersucht. Grundlage hierfür sind öffentlich zugängliche Informationen und Erfahrungen, die im Rahmen meiner Tätigkeiten bei der Europäischen Kommission gesammelt wurden. Untersuchungen zu den handelsverzerrenden Auswirkungen der GAP vor 1992 haben die kommissionsinterne Debatte im Vorfeld des Uruguay‐Abkommens dominiert. Diese Untersuchungen wurden zumeist extern und von internationalen Organisationen erstellt. Vor der Fischler‐Reform im Jahr 2003 wurde das analytische Spektrum ausgeweitet: Mit Hilfe von internen und externen Modellen konnten so die Auswirkungen von Fragen zur Lebensmittelsicherheit auf die Marktentwicklung, nichttarifäre Handelshemmnisse oder alternative Szenarien für eine erweiterte EU untersucht werden. Evaluierungen und Folgenabschätzungen spielten eine wichtige Rolle bei der Bewertung von Optionen für die GAP‐Reformen nach 2007. Dabei verlagerte die zunehmende Bedeutung von NROs und Think Tanks schrittweise den analytischen und politischen Fokus bei der Identifizierung von Schwachstellen der GAP im Umweltbereich. Die neue institutionelle Realität des Mitentscheidungsverfahrens erschwerte die Verbindung zwischen Analyse und politischer Entscheidungsfindung. Obwohl die wirtschaftliche Analyse eindeutig nicht ausreicht, ist sie dennoch notwendig und wichtig, um die doppelte Herausforderung der Ernährungssicherheit und des Klimawandels gemeinsam anzugehen.

Suggested Citation

  • Tassos Haniotis, 2023. "Down (my) Memory Lane: Has Economic Analysis Impacted CAP Reforms?," EuroChoices, The Agricultural Economics Society, vol. 22(2), pages 38-44, August.
  • Handle: RePEc:bla:eurcho:v:22:y:2023:i:2:p:38-44
    DOI: 10.1111/1746-692X.12401
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Daugbjerg, Carsten & Swinbank, Alan, 2009. "Ideas, Institutions, and Trade: The WTO and the Curious Role of EU Farm Policy in Trade Liberalization," OUP Catalogue, Oxford University Press, number 9780199557752.
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