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EU Food System Strengths and Vulnerabilities during Covid‐19

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  • Alan Matthews

Abstract

The performance of the EU food system during the early stages of the Covid‐19 pandemic is examined in this article. The preliminary evidence from the early lockdown period in March to June 2020 supports the view that, apart from some experiences of empty supermarket shelves in the very first days of lockdown caused by hoarding by consumers, the EU food system has been remarkably resilient. EU farmers, processors and retailers have maintained food supplies to EU consumers and adjusted to the shift in demand caused by the lockdowns in the food service sector. Farm prices fell after lockdowns were introduced but, with some notable exceptions, such as flowers, the fall in prices has been limited. Consumer food prices, on the contrary, increased but this seems to have been a temporary phenomenon. The response to the pandemic has revealed the limitations in the EU’s crisis response mechanism particularly where market support may be needed. The argument of some EU leaders that local food systems should be supported as a way of increasing the resilience of the food system to future shocks does not have empirical support. Policies in the future should support firms in building more robust and resilient supply chains and not undermine food security built on misconceptions about how supply chains performed during the Covid‐19 pandemic. La performance du système alimentaire de l'Union européenne (UE) au cours des premiers stades de la pandémie de Covid‐19 est examinée dans cet article. Les observations préliminaires de la période de confinement précoce de mars à juin 2020 soutiennent l'opinion selon laquelle, mis à part quelques expériences de rayons de supermarchés vides dans les tous premiers jours, provoquées par le comportement de stockage des consommateurs, le système alimentaire de l'UE a été remarquablement résilient. Dans l’union, les agriculteurs, les transformateurs et les détaillants ont maintenu l'approvisionnement alimentaire des consommateurs et se sont adaptés à l'évolution de la demande causée par les fermetures dans le secteur des services alimentaires. Les prix agricoles ont chuté après l'introduction des confinements, mais à quelques exceptions notables, comme les fleurs, la baisse des prix a été limitée. Les prix des produits alimentaires à la consommation ont au contraire augmenté, mais cela semble avoir été un phénomène temporaire. La réponse à la pandémie a révélé les limites du mécanisme de réponse aux crises de l’UE, en particulier là où le soutien du marché pourrait être nécessaire. L'argument de certains dirigeants de l'UE selon lequel les systèmes alimentaires locaux devraient être soutenus pour augmenter la résilience du système alimentaire aux chocs futurs n'a pas de fondement empirique. Les politiques pour l’avenir devraient aider les entreprises à construire des chaînes d'approvisionnement plus solides et résilientes et ne pas compromettre la sécurité alimentaire en se fondant sur des idées fausses sur la façon dont les chaînes d'approvisionnement se sont comportées pendant la pandémie de Covid‐19. In diesem Beitrag wird die Leistung des EU‐Nahrungsmittelsektors während der frühen Phase der Covid‐19‐Pandemie untersucht. Die vorläufigen Erkenntnisse aus der frühen Zeit des Lockdowns von März bis Juni 2020 untermauern die Erkenntnis, dass der Nahrungsmittelsektor der EU – abgesehen von einigen Erfahrungen mit leeren Supermarktregalen in den ersten Tagen des Lockdowns, die durch Hamsterkäufe verursacht wurden – bemerkenswert widerstandsfähig war. Landwirtschaftliche Betriebe, verarbeitende Unternehmen und der Einzelhandel in der EU konnten die Lebensmittelversorgung der EU‐Verbraucherinnen und ‐Verbraucher aufrechterhalten. Darüber hinaus haben sie sich auch auf die durch die zeitweilige Schließung der Gastronomiebetriebe verursachte Nachfrageverschiebung eingestellt. Die Agrarpreise sind nach der Einführung des Lockdowns gesunken. Dennoch hielt sich der Preisrückgang, abgesehen von einigen besonderen Ausnahmen, wie z.B. Blumen, in Grenzen. Im Gegensatz dazu verzeichneten die Lebensmittelpreise einen Anstieg; dies scheint jedoch ein vorübergehendes Phänomen gewesen zu sein. Die Reaktion auf die Pandemie hat die Grenzen des Krisenreaktionsmechanismus der EU aufgedeckt, insbesondere dort, wo eine Stützung des Marktes erforderlich werden könnte. Das Argument einiger führender EU‐Politikerinnen und ‐Politiker, dass regionale Ernährungssysteme gefördert werden sollten, um die Widerstandsfähigkeit des Nahrungsmittelsektors gegen künftige Krisen zu erhöhen, ist empirisch nicht gesichert. Politikmaßnahmen sollten in Zukunft Unternehmen beim Aufbau robusterer und widerstandsfähigerer Lieferketten unterstützen. Dahingegen sollten sie es vermeiden, die Versorgungssicherheit mit Lebensmitteln zu untergraben, die auf falschen Vorstellungen darüber beruhen, wie die Lieferketten während der Covid‐19‐andemie funktioniert haben.

Suggested Citation

  • Alan Matthews, 2020. "EU Food System Strengths and Vulnerabilities during Covid‐19," EuroChoices, The Agricultural Economics Society, vol. 19(3), pages 4-12, December.
  • Handle: RePEc:bla:eurcho:v:19:y:2020:i:3:p:4-12
    DOI: 10.1111/1746-692X.12300
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Rico Ihle & Ofir D. Rubin & Ziv Bar-Nahum & Roel Jongeneel, 2020. "Imperfect food markets in times of crisis: economic consequences of supply chain disruptions and fragmentation for local market power and urban vulnerability," Food Security: The Science, Sociology and Economics of Food Production and Access to Food, Springer;The International Society for Plant Pathology, vol. 12(4), pages 727-734, August.
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    1. Nuno Baptista & Helena Alves & Nelson Matos, 2022. "Scoping Challenges and Opportunities Presented by COVID-19 for the Development of Sustainable Short Food Supply Chains," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(21), pages 1-22, November.

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