IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/bla/ausact/v32y2022i4p411-426.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Classification of Equity Instruments under IFRS 9: Determinants and Consequences

Author

Listed:
  • Inês Pinto
  • Ana Isabel Morais

Abstract

One of the main differences between International Financial Reporting Standard (IFRS) 9 Financial Instruments and International Accounting Standard (IAS) 39 Financial Instruments: Recognition and Measurement is the classification and measurement of equity instruments that are financial assets. Under IFRS 9, a firm must measure acquired equity instruments at fair value through profit or loss (FVPL) unless the firm irrevocably chooses at initial recognition to measure those assets at fair value through other comprehensive income (FVOCI). In this case, a firm must recognise all changes in FVOCI without the possibility of reclassifying these amounts into profit or loss. In this context, this study has two main objectives. First, it examines the frequency of firms that elect to classify equity instruments as FVOCI in the first year of IFRS 9 adoption and identifies the determinants of the decision to classify equity instruments as available for sale (AFS) (under IAS 39) or as financial assets at FVOCI (under IFRS 9). Second, it considers whether this choice has any influence on the value relevance of financial information. The results of a sample based on firms in the FTSE 100 and EURO STOXX 50 show that risk is the main determinant of the reclassification from AFS to FVOCI in the first year of IFRS 9 adoption, while the level of variable compensation for CEOs (for AFS) and the level of fair value hierarchy (for AFS and FVOCI) are the main determinants for the classification of equity instruments. Regarding the consequences of this change, the findings indicate that the prohibition of recycling for the FVOCI option under IFRS 9 leads investors to pay more attention to the changes in fair value as recognised in OCI.

Suggested Citation

  • Inês Pinto & Ana Isabel Morais, 2022. "Classification of Equity Instruments under IFRS 9: Determinants and Consequences," Australian Accounting Review, CPA Australia, vol. 32(4), pages 411-426, December.
    • Handle: RePEc:bla:ausact:v:32:y:2022:i:4:p:411-426
    DOI: 10.1111/auar.12381
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://doi.org/10.1111/auar.12381
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1111/auar.12381?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Philippe Van Cauwenberge & Ignace De Beelde, 2007. "On the IASB comprehensive income project: an analysis of the case for dual income display," Abacus, Accounting Foundation, University of Sydney, vol. 43(1), pages 1-26, March.
    2. Michael E. Bradbury, 2020. "How the XRB Uses Research in Setting Accounting and Assurance Standards," Australian Accounting Review, CPA Australia, vol. 30(4), pages 249-256, December.
    3. Graham, John R. & Harvey, Campbell R. & Rajgopal, Shiva, 2005. "The economic implications of corporate financial reporting," Journal of Accounting and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 40(1-3), pages 3-73, December.
    4. Neil Fargher & John Ziyang Zhang, 2014. "Changes in the measurement of fair value: Implications for accounting earnings," Accounting Forum, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 38(3), pages 184-199, September.
    5. Steven Cahan & Michael E. Bradbury, 2016. "Discussion of ‘Other comprehensive income: a review and directions for future research’," Accounting and Finance, Accounting and Finance Association of Australia and New Zealand, vol. 56(1), pages 47-58, March.
    6. Jensen, Michael C. & Meckling, William H., 1976. "Theory of the firm: Managerial behavior, agency costs and ownership structure," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 3(4), pages 305-360, October.
    7. Mukesh Garg & Kris Peach & Roger Simnett, 2020. "Evidence‐informed Approach to Setting Standards: A Discussion on the Research Strategies of AASB and AUASB," Australian Accounting Review, CPA Australia, vol. 30(4), pages 243-248, December.
    8. Steven F. Cahan & Stephen M. Courtenay & Paul L. Gronnewoller & David R. Upton, 2000. "Value Relevance of Mandated Comprehensive Income Disclosures," Journal of Business Finance & Accounting, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 27(9‐10), pages 1233-1265, November.
    9. Xin Wang & Haiyan Jiang & Meiting Lu, 2019. "Does the Reporting Location of Other Comprehensive Income Matter? The Investor's Perspective," Australian Accounting Review, CPA Australia, vol. 29(3), pages 546-555, September.
    10. Ervin Black & John White, 2003. "An international comparison of income statement and balance sheet information: Germany, Japan and the US," European Accounting Review, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 12(1), pages 29-46.
    11. Dhaliwal, Dan & Subramanyam, K. R. & Trezevant, Robert, 1999. "Is comprehensive income superior to net income as a measure of firm performance?1," Journal of Accounting and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 26(1-3), pages 43-67, January.
    12. Steven F. Cahan & Stephen M. Courtenay & Paul L. Gronnewoller & David R. Upton, 2000. "Value Relevance of Mandated Comprehensive Income Disclosures," Journal of Business Finance & Accounting, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 27(9&10), pages 1273-1302.
    13. Fields, Thomas D. & Lys, Thomas Z. & Vincent, Linda, 2001. "Empirical research on accounting choice," Journal of Accounting and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 31(1-3), pages 255-307, September.
    14. Christian Laux & Christian Leuz, 2010. "Did Fair-Value Accounting Contribute to the Financial Crisis?," Journal of Economic Perspectives, American Economic Association, vol. 24(1), pages 93-118, Winter.
    15. Mary E. Barth & Greg Clinch, 1996. "International Accounting Differences and Their Relation to Share Prices: Evidence from U.K., Australian, and Canadian Firms," Contemporary Accounting Research, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 13(1), pages 135-170, March.
    16. Mary E. Barth & Javier Gomez-Biscarri & Ron Kasznik & Germán López-Espinosa, 2017. "Bank earnings and regulatory capital management using available for sale securities," Review of Accounting Studies, Springer, vol. 22(4), pages 1761-1792, December.
    17. Hirshleifer, David & Teoh, Siew Hong, 2003. "Limited attention, information disclosure, and financial reporting," Journal of Accounting and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 36(1-3), pages 337-386, December.
    18. May Xiaoyan Bao & Matthew T. Billett & David B. Smith & Emre Unlu, 2020. "Does Other Comprehensive Income Volatility Influence Credit Risk and the Cost of Debt?," Contemporary Accounting Research, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 37(1), pages 457-484, March.
    19. Khan, Shahwali & Bradbury, Michael E., 2014. "Volatility and risk relevance of comprehensive income," Journal of Contemporary Accounting and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 10(1), pages 76-85.
    20. Barth, Mary E. & Landsman, Wayne R. & Wahlen, James M., 1995. "Fair value accounting: Effects on banks' earnings volatility, regulatory capital, and value of contractual cash flows," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 19(3-4), pages 577-605, June.
    21. Minyue Dong & Xiao-Jun Zhang, 2018. "Selective Trading of Available-for-Sale Securities: Evidence from U.S. Commercial Banks," European Accounting Review, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 27(3), pages 467-493, May.
    22. Daifei Yao & Majella Percy & Jenny Stewart & Fang Hu, 2018. "Determinants of discretionary fair value measurements: the case of Level 3 assets in the banking sector," Accounting and Finance, Accounting and Finance Association of Australia and New Zealand, vol. 58(2), pages 561-597, June.
    23. Brian J. Hall & Jeffrey B. Liebman, 1998. "Are CEOs Really Paid Like Bureaucrats?," The Quarterly Journal of Economics, President and Fellows of Harvard College, vol. 113(3), pages 653-691.
    24. Frendy & HU Dan Semba, 2017. "Does recycling improve information usefulness of income? The case of Japan," Asian Review of Accounting, Emerald Group Publishing Limited, vol. 25(3), pages 376-403, September.
    25. Allan Hodgson & Mark Russell, 2014. "Comprehending Comprehensive Income," Australian Accounting Review, CPA Australia, vol. 24(2), pages 100-110, June.
    26. Fargher, Neil & Zhang, John Ziyang, 2014. "Changes in the measurement of fair value: Implications for accounting earnings," Accounting forum, Elsevier, vol. 38(3), pages 184-199.
    27. Ole‐Kristian Hope & Wayne B. Thomas, 2008. "Managerial Empire Building and Firm Disclosure," Journal of Accounting Research, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 46(3), pages 591-626, June.
    28. Demsetz, Harold & Villalonga, Belen, 2001. "Ownership structure and corporate performance," Journal of Corporate Finance, Elsevier, vol. 7(3), pages 209-233, September.
    29. Helena Isidro & John O'Hanlon & Steven Young, 2004. "Dirty surplus accounting flows: international evidence," Accounting and Business Research, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 34(4), pages 383-410.
    30. Clarke, Kevin A., 2007. "A Simple Distribution-Free Test for Nonnested Model Selection," Political Analysis, Cambridge University Press, vol. 15(3), pages 347-363, July.
    31. Suwina Cheng & Michael Firth, 2006. "Family ownership, corporate governance, and top executive compensation," Managerial and Decision Economics, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 27(7), pages 549-561.
    32. Steven F. Cahan & Stephen M. Courtenay & Paul L. Gronnewoller & David R. Upton, 2000. "Value Relevance of Mandated Comprehensive Income Disclosures," Journal of Business Finance & Accounting, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 27(9‐10), pages 1233-1265, November.
    33. Kanagaretnam, Kiridaran & Mathieu, Robert & Shehata, Mohamed, 2009. "Usefulness of comprehensive income reporting in Canada," Journal of Accounting and Public Policy, Elsevier, vol. 28(4), pages 349-365, July.
    34. Romain Boulland & Gerald J. Lobo & Luc Paugam, 2019. "Do Investors Pay Sufficient Attention to Banks’ Unrealized Gains and Losses on Available-for-sale Securities?," European Accounting Review, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 28(5), pages 819-848, October.
    35. Aboody, David & Kasznik, Ron, 2000. "CEO stock option awards and the timing of corporate voluntary disclosures," Journal of Accounting and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 29(1), pages 73-100, February.
    36. Ryan McDonough & Argyro Panaretou & Catherine Shakespeare, 2020. "Fair value accounting: Current practice and perspectives for future research," Journal of Business Finance & Accounting, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 47(3-4), pages 303-332, March.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Michael Bradbury & Bryan Howieson, 2022. "Research on Application and Impact of IFRS 9 Financial Instruments," Australian Accounting Review, CPA Australia, vol. 32(4), pages 409-410, December.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Yiting Cao & Qi (Flora) Dong, 2020. "Does reporting position affect the pricing of the volatility of comprehensive income?," Journal of Business Finance & Accounting, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 47(9-10), pages 1113-1150, October.
    2. Murad Harasheh & Federica Doni & Maria Vittoria Franceschelli & Andrea Amaduzzi, 2021. "The value relevance of Other Comprehensive Income: Extensive evidence from Europe," International Journal of Finance & Economics, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 26(3), pages 3835-3851, July.
    3. Shahwali Khan & Michael E. Bradbury & Stephen Courtenay, 2018. "Value Relevance of Comprehensive Income," Australian Accounting Review, CPA Australia, vol. 28(2), pages 279-287, June.
    4. Karola Bastini & Rainer Kasperzak, 2013. "Erkenntnisfortschritt in der Rechnungslegung durch experimentelle Forschung? — Diskussion methodischer Grundsatzfragen anhand der Entscheidungsnützlichkeit des Performance Reporting," Schmalenbach Journal of Business Research, Springer, vol. 65(7), pages 622-660, December.
    5. Abderrahmane Djaballah & Anne Fortin, 2021. "Value Relevance of Comprehensive Income for the Canadian Market," Accounting Perspectives, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 20(1), pages 49-77, March.
    6. Pier Luigi Marchini & Carlotta D'Este, 2015. "Comprehensive Income: which potential effects on firms? performance evaluation and users? decision process?," FINANCIAL REPORTING, FrancoAngeli Editore, vol. 2015(2), pages 55-94.
    7. Stefano AMELIO, 2016. "The Connection between IAS/IFRS and Social Responsibility," Management Dynamics in the Knowledge Economy, College of Management, National University of Political Studies and Public Administration, vol. 4(1), pages 7-30, March.
    8. Allan Hodgson & Mark Russell, 2014. "Comprehending Comprehensive Income," Australian Accounting Review, CPA Australia, vol. 24(2), pages 100-110, June.
    9. Patrizia Gazzola & Stefano Amelio, 2014. "Roe in Turbulent Time," Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis, Mendel University Press, vol. 62(2), pages 347-353.
    10. Mohammad Ali Al Hayek & Abdel-Rahman kh. El-Dalabeeh *, 2019. "The Impact of Comprehensive Income on Owners Equity at the Jordanian Commercial Banks, Analytical Study," The Journal of Social Sciences Research, Academic Research Publishing Group, vol. 5(9), pages 1312-1320, 09-2019.
    11. Lin Liao & Helen Kang & Richard D. Morris, 2021. "The value relevance of fair value and historical cost measurements during the financial crisis," Accounting and Finance, Accounting and Finance Association of Australia and New Zealand, vol. 61(S1), pages 2069-2107, April.
    12. Mei Luo & Shuai Shao & Frank Zhang, 2018. "Does financial reporting above or below operating income matter to firms and investors? The case of investment income in China," Review of Accounting Studies, Springer, vol. 23(4), pages 1754-1790, December.
    13. Carola Frydman & Dirk Jenter, 2010. "CEO Compensation," Annual Review of Financial Economics, Annual Reviews, vol. 2(1), pages 75-102, December.
    14. Igor Goncharov & Allan Hodgson, 2008. "Comprehensive Income In Europe: Valuation, Prediction And Conservative Issues," Annales Universitatis Apulensis Series Oeconomica, Faculty of Sciences, "1 Decembrie 1918" University, Alba Iulia, vol. 1(10), pages 1-1.
    15. Fargher, Neil & Wee, Marvin, 2019. "The impact of Ball and Brown (1968) on generations of research," Pacific-Basin Finance Journal, Elsevier, vol. 54(C), pages 55-72.
    16. Federica Doni & Silvia Rossetti & Roberto Verona, 2017. "Performance Reporting Choices after the Adoption of IAS 1 Revised: Comparative Evidence from Europe and the USA," International Journal of Economics and Financial Issues, Econjournals, vol. 7(4), pages 558-574.
    17. Armstrong, Christopher S. & Guay, Wayne R. & Weber, Joseph P., 2010. "The role of information and financial reporting in corporate governance and debt contracting," Journal of Accounting and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 50(2-3), pages 179-234, December.
    18. Shi, Linna & Wang, Ping & Zhou, Nan, 2017. "Enhanced disclosure of other comprehensive income and increased usefulness of net income: The implications of Accounting Standards Update 2011–05," Research in Accounting Regulation, Elsevier, vol. 29(2), pages 139-144.
    19. Shuto, Akinobu & Otomasa, Shota & Suda, Kazuyuki, 2009. "The relative and incremental explanatory powers of dirty surplus items for debt interest rate," Journal of International Accounting, Auditing and Taxation, Elsevier, vol. 18(2), pages 119-131.
    20. Zeting Zang & Humayun Kabir & Tom Scott, 2022. "Does OCI Presentation for Equity Financial Assets Matter?," Australian Accounting Review, CPA Australia, vol. 32(4), pages 427-439, December.

    More about this item

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:bla:ausact:v:32:y:2022:i:4:p:411-426. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Wiley Content Delivery (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://www.blackwellpublishing.com/journal.asp?ref=1035-6908 .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.