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Racial and socioeconomic disparities in residential proximity to polluting industrial facilities: evidence from the Americans' Changing Lives Study

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  • Mohai, P.
  • Lantz, P.M.
  • Morenoff, J.
  • House, J.S.
  • Mero, R.P.

Abstract

OBJECTIVES: We sought to demonstrate the advantages of using individual-level survey data in quantitative environmental justice analyses and to provide new evidence regarding racial and socioeconomic disparities in the distribution of polluting industrial facilities. METHODS: Addresses of respondents in the baseline sample of the Americans' Changing Lives Study and polluting industrial facilities in the Environmental Protection Agency's Toxic Release Inventory were geocoded, allowing assessments of distances between respondents' homes and polluting facilities. The associations between race and other sociodemographic characteristics and living within 1 mile (1.6 km) of a polluting facility were estimated via logistic regression. RESULTS: Blacks and respondents at lower educational levels and, to a lesser degree, lower income levels were significantly more likely to live within a mile of a polluting facility. Racial disparities were especially pronounced in metropolitan areas of the Midwest and West and in suburban areas of the South. CONCLUSIONS: Our results add to the historical record demonstrating significant disparities in exposures to environmental hazards in the US population and provide a paradigm for studying changes over time in links to health.

Suggested Citation

  • Mohai, P. & Lantz, P.M. & Morenoff, J. & House, J.S. & Mero, R.P., 2009. "Racial and socioeconomic disparities in residential proximity to polluting industrial facilities: evidence from the Americans' Changing Lives Study," American Journal of Public Health, American Public Health Association, vol. 99(S3), pages 649-656.
    • Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:2009:99:s3:s649-656_7
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    Cited by:

    1. Hausman, Catherine & Stolper, Samuel, 2021. "Inequality, information failures, and air pollution," Journal of Environmental Economics and Management, Elsevier, vol. 110(C).
    2. Stephanie E. Clark-Reyna & Sara E. Grineski & Timothy W. Collins, 2016. "Ambient Concentrations of Metabolic Disrupting Chemicals and Children’s Academic Achievement in El Paso, Texas," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 13(9), pages 1-16, September.
    3. Junu Shrestha & Raihan K. Khan & Shane McClintock & John DeGroote & Catherine L. Zeman, 2023. "Correlations between Educational Struggle, Toxic Sites by School District and Demographic Variables, with Geographical Information System Projections," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(24), pages 1-16, December.
    4. Emmanuelle Lavaine, 2015. "An Econometric Analysis of Atmospheric Pollution, Environmental Disparities and Mortality Rates," Environmental & Resource Economics, Springer;European Association of Environmental and Resource Economists, vol. 60(2), pages 215-242, February.
    5. Hans Oh & Harvey L Nicholson Jr & Ai Koyanagi & Louis Jacob & Joe Glass, 2021. "Urban upbringing and psychiatric disorders in the United States: A racial comparison," International Journal of Social Psychiatry, , vol. 67(4), pages 307-314, June.
    6. Yuqin Jiao & Julie K. Bower & Wansoo Im & Nicholas Basta & John Obrycki & Mohammad Z. Al-Hamdan & Allison Wilder & Claire E. Bollinger & Tongwen Zhang & Luddie Sr. Hatten & Jerrie Hatten & Darryl B. H, 2015. "Application of Citizen Science Risk Communication Tools in a Vulnerable Urban Community," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 13(1), pages 1-24, December.
    7. Ryan Johnson & Kim Ramsey-White & Christina H. Fuller, 2016. "Socio-demographic Differences in Toxic Release Inventory Siting and Emissions in Metro Atlanta," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 13(8), pages 1-12, July.
    8. Sara E. Grineski & Timothy W. Collins & Jayajit Chakraborty & Marilyn Montgomery, 2017. "Hazard Characteristics and Patterns of Environmental Injustice: Household‐Level Determinants of Environmental Risk in Miami, Florida," Risk Analysis, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 37(7), pages 1419-1434, July.
    9. Grineski, Sara & Collins, Tim & Renteria, Roger & Rubio, Ricardo, 2021. "Multigenerational immigrant trajectories and children's unequal exposure to fine particulate matter in the US," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 282(C).
    10. Amy J. Schulz & Graciela B. Mentz & Natalie Sampson & Melanie Ward & J. Timothy Dvonch & Ricardo De Majo & Barbara A. Israel & Angela G. Reyes & Donele Wilkins, 2018. "Independent and Joint Contributions of Fine Particulate Matter Exposure and Population Vulnerability to Mortality in the Detroit Metropolitan Area," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 15(6), pages 1-15, June.
    11. Yanelli Nunez & Jaime Benavides & Jenni A. Shearston & Elena M. Krieger & Misbath Daouda & Lucas R. F. Henneman & Erin E. McDuffie & Jeff Goldsmith & Joan A. Casey & Marianthi-Anna Kioumourtzoglou, 2024. "An environmental justice analysis of air pollution emissions in the United States from 1970 to 2010," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 15(1), pages 1-13, December.
    12. D. K. Yoon & Jung Eun Kang & Juhyeon Park, 2017. "Exploring Environmental Inequity in South Korea: An Analysis of the Distribution of Toxic Release Inventory (TRI) Facilities and Toxic Releases," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 9(10), pages 1-14, October.
    13. Andre M. Eanes & Todd R. Lookingbill & Jeremy S. Hoffman & Kelly C. Saverino & Stephen S. Fong, 2020. "Assessing Inequitable Urban Heat Islands and Air Pollution Disparities with Low-Cost Sensors in Richmond, Virginia," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(23), pages 1-18, December.
    14. Kristi Pullen Fedinick & Ilch Yiliqi & Yukyan Lam & David Lennett & Veena Singla & Miriam Rotkin-Ellman & Jennifer Sass, 2021. "A Cumulative Framework for Identifying Overburdened Populations under the Toxic Substances Control Act: Formaldehyde Case Study," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(11), pages 1-13, June.
    15. Teriana Moore & Pamela Payne-Foster & JoAnn S. Oliver & Ellen Griffith Spears & Christopher H. Spencer & Jacqueline Maye & Rebecca S. Allen, 2022. "Community Perspectives and Environmental Justice Issues in an Unincorporated Black Township," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(12), pages 1-10, June.
    16. Lara J. Cushing & Shiwen Li & Benjamin B. Steiger & Joan A. Casey, 2023. "Historical red-lining is associated with fossil fuel power plant siting and present-day inequalities in air pollutant emissions," Nature Energy, Nature, vol. 8(1), pages 52-61, January.
    17. Faven Araya & Jeanette A. Stingone & Luz Claudio, 2021. "Inequalities in Exposure to Ambient Air Neurotoxicants and Disparities in Markers of Neurodevelopment in Children by Maternal Nativity Status," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(14), pages 1-12, July.
    18. Zwickl, Klara & Ash, Michael & Boyce, James K., 2014. "Regional variation in environmental inequality: Industrial air toxics exposure in U.S. cities," Ecological Economics, Elsevier, vol. 107(C), pages 494-509.
    19. Jayajit Chakraborty & Timothy W. Collins & Sara E. Grineski & Marilyn C. Montgomery & Maricarmen Hernandez, 2014. "Comparing Disproportionate Exposure to Acute and Chronic Pollution Risks: A Case Study in Houston, Texas," Risk Analysis, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 34(11), pages 2005-2020, November.
    20. Cassandra Johnson Gaither & Sadia Afrin & Fernando Garcia-Menendez & M. Talat Odman & Ran Huang & Scott Goodrick & Alan Ricardo da Silva, 2019. "African American Exposure to Prescribed Fire Smoke in Georgia, USA," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(17), pages 1-15, August.
    21. Philine Gaffron & Deb Niemeier, 2015. "School Locations and Traffic Emissions — Environmental (In)Justice Findings Using a New Screening Method," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 12(2), pages 1-17, February.

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