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Effects of HIV counseling and testing on sexual risk behavior: A meta- analytic review of published research, 1985-1997

Author

Listed:
  • Weinhardt, L.S.
  • Carey, M.P.
  • Johnson, B.T.
  • Bickham, N.L.

Abstract

Objectives. This study examined whether HIV counseling and testing leads to reductions in sexual risk behavior. Methods. The meta-analysis included 27 published studies that provided sexual behavior outcome data, assessed behavior before and after counseling and testing, and provided details sufficient for the calculation of effect sizes. The studies involved 19 597 participants. Results. After counseling and testing, HIV-positive participants and HIV-serodiscordant couples reduced unprotected intercourse and increased condom use more than HIV-negative and untested participants. HIV-negative participants did not modify their behavior more than untested participants. Participants' age, volition for testing, and injection drug use treatment status, as well as the sample seroprevalence and length of the follow-up, explained the variance in results. Conclusions. HIV counseling and testing appears to provide an effective means of secondary prevention for HIV-positive individuals but, as conducted in the reviewed studies, is not an effective primary prevention strategy for uninfected participants. Theory- driven research with attention given to the context of testing is needed to further explicate the determinants of behavior change resulting from HIV counseling and testing, and the effectiveness of specific counseling approaches.

Suggested Citation

  • Weinhardt, L.S. & Carey, M.P. & Johnson, B.T. & Bickham, N.L., 1999. "Effects of HIV counseling and testing on sexual risk behavior: A meta- analytic review of published research, 1985-1997," American Journal of Public Health, American Public Health Association, vol. 89(9), pages 1397-1405.
    • Handle: RePEc:aph:ajpbhl:1999:89:9:1397-1405_1
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    Citations

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    Cited by:

    1. Áureo De Paula & Gil Shapira & Petra E. Todd, 2014. "How Beliefs About Hiv Status Affect Risky Behaviors: Evidence From Malawi," Journal of Applied Econometrics, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 29(6), pages 944-964, September.
    2. Emily Oster & Ira Shoulson & E. Ray Dorsey, 2013. "Optimal Expectations and Limited Medical Testing: Evidence from Huntington Disease," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 103(2), pages 804-830, April.
    3. Portnoy, David B., 2010. "Waiting is the hardest part: Anticipating medical test results affects processing and recall of important information," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 71(2), pages 421-428, July.
    4. Schünemann, Johannes & Strulik, Holger & Trimborn, Timo, 2023. "Anticipation of deteriorating health and information avoidance," Journal of Health Economics, Elsevier, vol. 89(C).
    5. Baird, Sarah & Gong, Erick & McIntosh, Craig & Özler, Berk, 2014. "The heterogeneous effects of HIV testing," Journal of Health Economics, Elsevier, vol. 37(C), pages 98-112.
    6. Aureo de Paula & Gil Shapira & Petra E. Todd, 2008. "How Beliefs about HIV Status Affect Risky Behaviors: Evidence from Malawi, Fifth Version," PIER Working Paper Archive 10-023, Penn Institute for Economic Research, Department of Economics, University of Pennsylvania, revised 10 Jul 2010.
    7. Anthony T. Carter, 2008. "Creative providers: Counseling and counselors in family planning and reproductive health," Demographic Research, Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research, Rostock, Germany, vol. 19(59), pages 1969-2010.
    8. Anthony Chukwuma Nwali & Rev. Sister Clementina Kalu & Chimeziem Chimdiadi Udeze & Iroegbu Ngozi Franca & Chinazor Franca Obi & Nicholas Ihentuge Achilike, 2020. "Behavioural and Socio-economic Implications of HIV/AIDS Patients on Population and Development of Ebonyi State, Nigeria: 2010–2014," Global Journal of Health Science, Canadian Center of Science and Education, vol. 12(6), pages 106-106, May.
    9. Ruben Castro & Jere Behrman & Hans-Peter Kohler, 2015. "Perception of HIV risk and the quantity and quality of children: the case of rural Malawi," Journal of Population Economics, Springer;European Society for Population Economics, vol. 28(1), pages 113-132, January.
    10. Neeraj Sood & Yanyu Wu, 2013. "The Impact of Insurance and HIV Treatment Technology on HIV Testing," NBER Working Papers 19397, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    11. Peter Glick, 2005. "Scaling Up HIV Voluntary Counseling and Testing in Africa," Evaluation Review, , vol. 29(4), pages 331-357, August.
    12. Adeline Delavande & Hans-Peter Kohler, 2012. "The Impact of HIV Testing on Subjective Expectations and Risky Behavior in Malawi," Demography, Springer;Population Association of America (PAA), vol. 49(3), pages 1011-1036, August.
    13. Kumar, Manoj & Birch, Stephen & Maturana, Andres & Gafni, Amiran, 2006. "Economic evaluation of HIV screening in pregnant women attending antenatal clinics in India," Health Policy, Elsevier, vol. 77(2), pages 233-243, July.
    14. Peltzer, Karl & Tabane, Cily & Matseke, Gladys & Simbayi, Leickness, 2010. "Lay counsellor-based risk reduction intervention with HIV positive diagnosed patients at public HIV counselling and testing sites in Mpumalanga, South Africa," Evaluation and Program Planning, Elsevier, vol. 33(4), pages 379-385, November.

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