AI-Powered Educational System: Challenges for Higher Education in Emerging Economies: Baseline Research

As Artificial Intelligence (AI) is rapidly transforming many facets of our lives, universities worldwide strive to integrate Generative AI (GenAI) into their curriculum to enhance educational outcomes. AI-powered systems, including chatbots and virtual assistants, provide customized learning experiences and real-time student support and enhance cognitive engagement. However, emerging economies face unique challenges that hinder the effective adoption of these technologies. This chapter investigates the challenges of integrating AI in higher education within emerging economies. The primary objectives are to identify the challenges faced, examine faculty attitudes toward AI adoption, investigate the impact of facility conditions, perceived risk, performance and effort expectancy, and explore AI governance in the Global South. The chapter conceptually frames the relevant challenges using established theoretical models and provides empirical evidence through a comprehensive literature review. The benefits and misuse of AI in educational settings, as well as policy implications specific to the Global South, are also outlined. The findings aim to guide stakeholders and policymakers in the effective integration of AI in higher education in the Global South, advocating for inclusivity and ethical use to ensure enhanced learning experiences to better prepare students for a more equitable future.