Bune practici în prevenirea radicalizării și a extremismului violent la nivel european: revizuirea sistematică a literaturii de specialitate

The aim of the present literature review is to provide a comprehensive overview of the models and initiatives implemented by European states to prevent radicalization and violent extremism. Two research questions are addressed: (1) How are prevention models and initiatives implemented in European states represented and analyzed in the academic literature? and (2) How are the effectiveness and impact of these prevention strategies evaluated in the existing academic literature? A systematic literature search was conducted, including peer-reviewed empirical studies employing qualitative or quantitative methods. A total of 98 articles were selected for in-depth analysis. The findings clearly indicate that prevention initiatives are broadly categorized into three areas: individual- or group-focused interventions, community-based approaches, and practitioner- or institution-focused strategies. While a wide range of models exists, including mentoring, family support, digital tools, and multi-agency cooperation, their representation in the literature is uneven and fragmented. Furthermore, the review highlights significant gaps in the evaluation of these strategies. Longitudinal studies are scarce, cultural adaptability is insufficiently addressed, and digital interventions remain under-researched. Overall, although many initiatives show short-term promise, the lack of rigorous and sustained evaluation limits the ability to assess their long-term effectiveness. Future research must address these gaps to support evidence-based policy aligned with EU strategic objectives.