Optimal Frequency stability Control Strategy for a Grid-Connected Wind/PV/FC/BESS Coordinated with Hydroelectric Power Plant Storage Energy System Using Variable Structure Control

Because of the growing nonlinear and complexity nature of microgrid systems for example battery energy storage systems, wind-turbine fuel cell, photovoltaic, and micro hydro power plants (BESSs/FC/WT/PV/ Micro Hydro), load-frequency management has been a difficulty. The development of a load-frequency controller based on Proportional–Integral–Derivative (PID) for an autonomous microgrid (MG) with hydro, wind, and PV RES is shown in this article. The suggested LFC goal is to retain the frequency of the micro hydro power plant under variable load situations by controlling the sharing of output power constant generator between the dummy loads and consumer. Using an adaptive fuzzy logic controller to govern nearly the generating unit`s whole operation, the suggested control technique optimally chooses PID settings for each load value. The suggested fuzzy logic-based controller regulates the plant's frequency output despite fluctuating user loads and manages energy distribution by separating the micro network into separate departures connected in priority order. The suggested frequency controller uses a centralised LFC approach centred on a combination of smart load and Battery Energy Storage System to manage the MG frequency (BESS). It regulates MG frequency by providing active power balancing for a variety of events that such systems face in real-world settings, such as energy surplus generation and energy shortage. In Simulink/MATLAB, the suggested structure is simulated. The simulation results clearly demonstrate the proposed frequency controller's ability to dump extra power when the customer load varies while maintaining a consistent supply frequency.