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Remediation of Lead-Contaminated Soil by Using Saponin Derived from Sapindus Mukorossi

Author

Listed:
  • Grace Masson

    (Heriot-Watt University, UK.)

  • Elijah C. Ugwu

    (Heriot-Watt University, UK.)

  • Nadia Martínez-Villegas

    (Instituto Potosino de Investigacion Cientifica y Tecnologica, Mexico)

  • Bhaskar Sen Gupta

    (Heriot-Watt University, UK.)

Abstract

Lead (Pb) contamination in soils is a major global concern for both humans and the environment. Saponin, a plant-based based and environment-friendly surfactant was used for remediation of Pb-spiked garden soil to test its effectiveness and suitability for Pb removal. A Box-Behnken design was designed to optimise the washing conditions using the following variables: soil type (100% topsoil; 50% topsoil/50% sand; 20% topsoil/ 80% sand); pH of the washing solution (2; 3.5; 5); and saponin concentration (1%; 3%; 5%). The results showed that optimum removal efficiency of 58.69% was achieved with saponin, while distilled water removed 3.92% Pb in a single wash. Saponin was found to be statistically more effective than distilled water (P

Suggested Citation

Handle: RePEc:epw:ejgeo0:v:3:y:2022:i:3:id:16293
DOI: 10.24018/ejgeo.2022.3.3.293
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