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Pilot study on Exoskeleton Biomechanics in a Young Population: Variations in Frequency, Speed, Force, and Power during a Physical Movement

Author

Listed:
  • Roberto Centemeri

    (University of Milano-Bicocca, Italy)

  • Michele Augusto Riva

    (University of Milano-Bicocca, Italy)

  • Jonathan Mennucci

    (Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo dei Tintori, Italy)

  • Stefano Pollastri

    (University of Milano-Bicocca, Italy)

  • Michael Belingheri

    (University of Milano-Bicocca, Italy)

  • Maria Emilia Paladino

    (University of Milano-Bicocca, Italy)

  • Marco Italo D’Orso

    (University of Milano-Bicocca, Italy)

  • Jari Intra

    (Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo dei Tintori, Italy)

Abstract

Musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) are a leading cause of occupational disability and require effective preventive strategies. Passive exoskeletons are useful devices designed to reduce the biomechanical load while performing physical tasks. This study assessed the biomechanical impact of a passive shoulder exoskeleton on 16 healthy young adults (median age, 26 ± 3 years; 9 males and 7 females), stratified by age and sex. Participants performed repetitive shoulder flexion-extension movements (0°–180°) while lifting a 2 kg load for 20 s, both with and without exoskeleton assistance. Movement frequency, velocity, force, and mechanical power were recorded using the MuscleLab system. The results showed age- and sex-specific responses to the exoskeleton use. Males aged less than 26 years and females generally showed significant improvements in all biomechanical parameters when using the exoskeleton, whereas the other males reported reductions. Statistical analysis revealed significant sex differences in frequency and force (p

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Handle: RePEc:epw:ejbio0:v:7:y:2026:i:1:id:70062
DOI: 10.24018/ejbio.2026.7.1.70062
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