General Comparative Analysis of Bird-Bat Collisions at a Wind Power Plant in the Department of Rivas, Nicaragua, between 2014 and 2022

From 2014 to 2022, eight monitoring campaigns have been carried out, documenting 119 collisions of birds belonging to 25 species corresponding to 14 families. Of the total collisions, 35 individuals could not be identified because only remains of the animal’s body (feathers) were found, due to the presence of day and night predators. Of the bird species identified, 17 are resident, three are migratory species, two are transient species, one species with transient populations that migrate south, and two species with both resident and migratory populations. During these years, no species with an important conservation category according to the IUCN were reported. Three species are on Nicaragua’s Red List, the migratory species Blackburnian Warbler (Setophaga fusca) and the resident species Mangrove Cuckoo (Coccyzus minor), both with the Near Threatened category; and the only migratory hummingbird for Nicaragua, the Ruby-throated Hummingbird (Archilochus colubris) with the Vulnerable category. The family with the highest frequency of collided bird species is the pigeons (Columbidae), these being very significant (X2 = 345.20, p 0.05). The granivore group presented a very significant frequency of collisions (X2 = 84.00, p