Location and regional income disparity dynamics: The Brazilian case

In this note we provide evidence on the importance of location for the growth of per capita income of Brazilian states over the period 1985–2001. The study presents strong evidence of spatial dependence, and that regional inequality reduction occurred simultaneously with increasing spatial autocorrelation. The analysis of local indicators of spatial association confirmed that conclusion, showing the existence of two geographical clusters, one of low income states in the Northeast and North regions, and another of rich states in the Southeast and South regions. The low value for the convergence coefficient, in conjunction with the strong influence of shocks in the residuals, indicate the existence of a very sensible dynamic pattern of convergence across Brazilian states, which helps explaining the well documented persistence in regional income disparities in Brazil. After conditioning on other important variables that could affect growth, however, spatial dependence disappears. We have thus identified two potential channels through which the strong spatial dependence in the process of convergence of per capita income of Brazilian states occurs.