Use of Punica granatum (pomegranate) as an adjuvant therapy in the treatment of periodontitis: a review

Introduction: Periodontal disease is an infectious, inflammatory, chronic disease characterized by the destruction of the dental support apparatus. In addition to conventional treatment, there are different adjuvant therapies, including phytotherapy with Punica granatum. This plant has various properties, including its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial power. Objective: To determine the effectiveness of using P. granatum as an adjuvant treatment for periodontal disease. Methods: A bibliographic review of scientific articles conducted in the last 10 years was conducted. Development: The use of P. granatum, or pomegranate, in the treatment of periodontal diseases has shown promising results. It has been shown that pomegranate mouthwash is effective in reducing the gingival index, bleeding on probing and plaque index compared to chlorhexidine. Its use significantly reduces bleeding and improves periodontal indices, suggesting an anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial effect. Furthermore, it was observed that the application of pomegranate extract gel also contributes to the reduction of gingival index and pocket depth in patients with gingivitis. Patients treated with pomegranate showed a remarkable improvement compared to those who did not receive this adjuvant. However, some participants reported adverse effects such as bitter taste and tooth staining. Overall, the beneficial properties of pomegranate are highlighted in the management of periodontal diseases. Conclusion: The use of P. granatum as an adjuvant for periodontal treatment demonstrates an anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial effect which can be used without producing adverse effects.