Comparative analysis of factors involved in the evolution and duration of hospitalization in patients undergoing laparoscopic versus open cholecystectomy in a second-level hospital in Ecuador

Introduction: cholelithiasis and other diseases of the gallbladder are common pathologies, with high morbidity and mortality due to complications. The increasing prevalence of these conditions has driven the search for effective surgical approaches, especially in terms of optimizing health resources. Laparoscopic cholecystectomy has established itself as the preferred option over open surgery, offering potential benefits in postoperative evolution. Methods: This study reviews clinical-surgical data of patients treated by open and laparoscopic cholecystectomy, analyzing the differences in postoperative complications, duration of hospitalization and outcome in patients with comorbidities. Discussion: the results suggest that laparoscopic cholecystectomy has advantages over open surgery, highlighting a lower incidence of complications and a reduced hospital stay. These advantages are especially notable in patients with comorbidities, who benefit from a faster recovery with the laparoscopic approach. Detailed evaluation of comorbidities is crucial as they may influence prognosis and prolong hospital stay. Conclusions: laparoscopic surgery is an effective option for the treatment of gallbladder disease, with significant benefits over open surgery. This study highlights the importance of assessing comorbidities to improve recovery and optimize health resource utilization, and highlights the need for appropriate reference guidelines for general practitioners.