Challenges in Sub-Saharan Africa’s Food Systems and the Potential Role of AI

Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) faces persistent food insecurity due to low agricultural productivity, limited access to modern technologies, and growing climate variability. This study explores the transformative potential of Artificial Intelligence (AI) to enhance food systems across SSA. The objective is to assess how AI applications—such as machine learning, remote sensing, and big data analytics—can address systemic inefficiencies in cereal crop production, with a focus on barley, millet, and sorghum. Using a systematic review approach aligned with PRISMA guidelines, literature from 2015–2025 was analyzed across multiple databases to identify empirical studies and models related to AI in SSA agriculture. Results reveal that AI can significantly improve crop monitoring, yield forecasting, and resource optimization. However, adoption barriers such as inadequate infrastructure, financial constraints, and the digital divide persist. The study concludes that while AI holds significant promise, its success in SSA depends on inclusive policies, capacity building, and localized data governance. It recommends interdisciplinary research, investment in rural digital infrastructure, and participatory innovation frameworks to empower smallholder farmers and ensure equitable AI deployment. This review provides a roadmap for integrating AI into SSA food systems to enhance resilience, productivity, and food security.