Diagnostic methods with greater sensitivity and specificity for ovarian cancer despite the fact that there is currently no screening method for it

Ovarian cancer is a common disease in women whose diagnosis is often delayed because the onset of clinical symptoms usually occurs in advanced stages. As the onset of clinical symptoms occurs in advanced stages, there are also no screening methods for the disease. The objective of the present research work is to carry out a systematic investigation to identify which are the diagnostic methods with the highest sensitivity and specificity for ovarian cancer. We will also aim to identify which risk groups are most predisposed to the development of this neoplasm, and we will investigate why there is currently no screening method for it, as it is one of the most lethal neoplasms worldwide. This finding will be important for adopting effective strategies in women with suspected ovarian cancer and/or at-risk groups worldwide. A systematic search was carried out of publications of retrospective screening studies, imaging studies, and biomarkers that were published from 2015 to 2024 in both PubMed and Scielo. A total of 296 LBRs were performed in 94 patients. The symptoms were proctorrhagia (91.5%) and haemorrhoidal prolapse (8.5%). 74.5% of patients presented with grade II prolapse and 25.5% with grade III. One hundred percent of the patients required multiple ligatures, with an average of 3.1 bands per patient. As for complications, there was anal pain immediately after EBL placement in two patients (2.1%), 11 patients (11.7%) had self-limiting proctorrhagia and 4 (4.2%) had uncomplicated external thrombosis. No septic complications were recorded. The average follow-up was 32.5 weeks (4-48). Ovarian cancer is one of the gynecological neoplasms with the highest mortality rate due to its late diagnosis. Despite advances in research, there is still no effective screening method for early detection, which makes it essential to continue exploring and improving diagnostic techniques. The CA125 tumor marker, combined with imaging studies such as transvaginal ultrasound, has shown some effectiveness, especially in women with a family history or specific risk factors. However, more research is needed to develop screening methods that allow intervention at early stages and thus significantly reduce the mortality associated with this disease.