Evaluation of Variables Associated with the Prevalence of Cesarean Sections: A Study at Evita Pueblo Hospital

Introduction: Caesarean sections are surgical procedures in obstetrics that can save the lives of mothers and newborns in medically indicated cases. However, they are very frequently performed without medical justification, putting the health of women and their babies at risk. The international community has established that the ideal rate of caesarean sections should be between 10% and 15% of the population. (1) The caesarean section rate in Argentina averaged 34.7% according to the Perinatal Information System in 2017, with an increase of 23% from 2010 to 2017. (2) A retrospective study was carried out based on a review of clinical cases of caesarean sections performed over a period of six months in the obstetrics and gynaecology department of the Evita Pueblo hospital. Data was collected from clinical records and comparative variables were analysed. Data analysis included descriptive and analytical statistical methods. During the study, a caesarean section rate of 43.5% was observed out of a total of 802 deliveries, with a higher prevalence in women aged 20 to 35 and in those in a stable relationship. The majority of newborns weighed between 2500 and 4000 grams, and 90% of the caesarean sections were performed on pregnancies of more than 37 weeks. The findings suggest a high caesarean section rate compared to international standards, highlighting the influence of demographic and obstetric factors in the choice of this type of delivery. Further research is needed on the subject, as there is little information in similar contexts, and institutional practices should be evaluated to optimize the use of this intervention.