Refractory epilepsy and medicinal cannabis: therapeutic advances in Argentina

During the period 2022-2024, the use of cannabidiol (CBD) was evaluated in Argentina as an alternative treatment for refractory epilepsy, a chronic neurological condition characterized by seizures that do not respond to conventional drugs. Refractory epilepsy had a negative impact on the quality of life of patients, which motivated the search for more effective therapies. In this context, CBD, a non-psychoactive compound derived from cannabis, was studied for its potential anticonvulsant effect. The clinical research reviewed showed that CBD significantly reduced seizure frequency in a relevant percentage of patients, especially those with severe syndromes such as Dravet and Lennox-Gastaut. In addition, an acceptable safety profile was reported, with mostly mild adverse effects. In Argentina, the progressive legalization of medical cannabis, through Decree 883/2020 and Law 27,669, allowed progress in the research, production and access to CBD. Through REPROCANN, patients accessed therapeutic formulations under medical supervision. However, structural challenges persisted, such as low national production, high costs, lack of professional training and disparities in access between regions. The review concluded that CBD is a valid therapeutic option for refractory epilepsy, but its implementation requires comprehensive policies that guarantee equitable access, medical training and sustainable national productionr.