Comprehensive Nursing Care for Pediatric Patients with Congenital Heart Diseases: A Focus on Ventricular Septal Defect

During 2022, Peru faced significant challenges in managing congenital heart diseases, particularly ventricular septal defect (VSD), identified as one of the most common. According to the National Institute of Child Health San Borja (INSNSB), congenital heart diseases accounted for 30% of birth defects and were often associated with genetic syndromes such as trisomy 21. Early diagnosis and specialized care were essential to prevent severe complications like heart failure and developmental delays. Postoperative management in cardiovascular intensive care units was key to patient recovery. Protocols were implemented, including continuous hemodynamic monitoring, infection prevention, pain control, and respiratory therapy. Nursing staff played a crucial role, organizing care through the nursing process, which involved assessment, diagnosis, planning, implementation, and evaluation. During the assessment, diagnoses such as decreased cardiac output and ineffective tissue perfusion were identified. Additionally, education and emotional support for families were prioritized, strengthening the bond between the healthcare team and caregivers. During this period, the capacity of pediatric intensive care units was enhanced, although challenges such as unequal access to specialized services in rural areas persisted. In conclusion, the comprehensive care provided in Peru allowed significant progress in the treatment of VSD and other congenital heart diseases, contributing to improved quality of life for patients and their families