Bioremediation using genetically modified microorganisms for the degradation of environmental pollutants

Introduction: The study addressed the environmental problems caused by soil and water contamination due to the excessive use of agrochemicals and industrial wastes. It was pointed out that intensive agricultural production and population growth have increased the accumulation of pollutants, generating negative impacts on biodiversity and human health. In the face of this environmental crisis, remediation methods were explored, highlighting bioremediation as a sustainable and efficient strategy based on microorganisms for the elimination of pollutants. Development: Different bioremediation strategies were analyzed, differentiating between in situ and ex situ techniques. Processes such as biospraying, biostimulation and bioaugmentation, which allow the degradation of contaminants through microbial activity, were described. In addition, the impact of biotechnology on bioremediation was discussed, highlighting the use of omics tools and the application of genetically modified microorganisms to improve the efficiency of these processes. It was emphasized that genetic engineering and genome editing have made it possible to optimize the metabolic capacities of bacteria and fungi to transform toxic substances into less hazardous compounds. Conclusion: It was concluded that bioremediation represents a viable and ecological alternative for dealing with environmental contamination. However, its large-scale application still faces challenges, such as the regulation of genetically modified microorganisms and the need for more detailed studies on its long-term impact. The integration of new biotechnological technologies could optimize environmental remediation and ensure its sustainability in the future.