Long-term impact of proton pump inhibitors in patients with prolonged treatment in Latin America

Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) are anti-ulcer medications widely used to treat various conditions related to gastric secretion. They work by inhibiting H+/K+-ATPase, the enzyme responsible for the final phase of hydrochloric acid production in the stomach. Currently, the use of PPIs has become widespread and these medications are over-the-counter, due to their perception as safe and protective. The objective of this literature review is to determine the long-term impact of proton pump inhibitors in patients with prolonged treatment in Latin America in the years (2019-2023). Studies on proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) and their adverse effects show mixed results. After conducting the literature review, there was evidence of a higher incidence of adverse reactions such as gastric infections, deficiency of absorption of vitamins and minerals, as well as irritable bowel syndrome. To conduct this review, we conducted a comprehensive literature search of the PubMed, MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar databases. We included studies published in the years (2019-2023) that evaluated the effects of prolonged use of PPIs in Latin America. We excluded studies with populations outside the region, which were outside the publication range, and those with poor methodological design.