Perovskite Reimagined: A Comprehensive Exploration of Its Influence on Ceramic Science and Technology

Introduction; The perovskite structure, characterized by the general formula ABX₃, has been a cornerstone in ceramic science and technology due to its remarkable versatility and adaptability. From the earliest insights of Goldschmidt linking material structure to composition, the perovskite structure emerges as a quintessential demonstration of this principle. Objective; Known for its remarkable adaptability, the perovskite framework can accommodate a vast array of compositional variations, enabling the creation of materials with diverse properties such as dielectric, conductive, and superconductive behaviors. Among these, barium titanate (BaTiO₃) stands out as a prime example of a perovskite that can be fine-tuned to achieve enhanced dielectric characteristics, leading to widespread industrial usage. The capacity of perovskites to endure extreme environmental conditions, including the immense pressures found in Earth’s interior, underscores their relevance not only in technology but also in geological research. Method; Recent explorations into piezoelectric and ferroelectric applications highlight the cutting-edge potential of these materials for future innovations. By adjusting perovskite compositions, researchers can systematically optimize functionalities across multiple sectors, ranging from consumer electronics to advanced scientific instrumentation. Result; This paper aims to offer a thorough review of perovskite materials, emphasizing the interplay between their structural versatility and practical utility. Conclusion; Through an examination of novel findings, the authors shed light on the continuing evolution of perovskite research, illuminating both the foundational science and the growing array of real-world applications and future directions.