Risk factors for type 2 diabetes in adolescents in Mexico: A scoping review

Introduction: Type 2 diabetes has emerged as a public health problem in adolescents, particularly in Mexico, where several risk factors contribute to its increasing prevalence. This condition, previously rare in young people, has been associated with factors such as obesity, sedentary lifestyle and metabolic disorders, which put the long-term health of adolescents at risk. Therefore, we proposed to identify the available scientific literature on risk factors that have been related to type 2 diabetes in adolescents in Mexico. Methods: A scoping review was performed based on the methodology of the Joanna Briggs Institute. PubMed, Scopus and EBSCOhost databases were explored, with the descriptors adolescent, adolescence, teenagers, teens, youth, type 2 diabetes, type 2 diabetes mellitus, latin america, hispanic or latino, mexicans, risk factors and determinants of health, between the period 2013-2023. No language restrictions were applied. Results: The search yielded 600 articles, of which six were included as they met the search criteria. The evidence highlights that the main risk factors for the development of TD2 in adolescents found were obesity, arterial hypertension, dyslipidemias, insulin resistance, and sedentary lifestyle. The least identified were prediabetes, acanthosis nigricans, family history and low socioeconomic level. Conclusions: Consideration should be given to including the risk factors identified in prevention and promotion programs or in future interventions, thus influencing their prevention in those factors that are considered modifiable.