X-Ray Absorption Spectroscopy: A Comprehensive Overview

Introduction; X-Ray Absorption Spectroscopy (XAS) is a powerful analytical tool that provides critical insights into the electronic and structural characteristics of elements in various samples. Objective; Widely employed across disciplines such as materials science, chemistry, biology, and physics, XAS enables researchers to study atomic-scale properties, including chemical states, local bonding environments, and coordination structures. By analyzing the energy-dependent absorption of X-rays, this technique delivers a detailed understanding of the fundamental interactions within complex systems. Method; This paper presents an in-depth exploration of the principles and methodologies underlying XAS, focusing on its experimental design and data analysis strategies. Result; It highlights the broad applicability of XAS, ranging from investigating catalytic materials and energy storage systems to analyzing biological processes and environmental contaminants. Recent technological advancements, including enhanced synchrotron radiation sources, improved computational tools, and the development of time-resolved XAS methods, have expanded its capabilities, making it more precise and adaptable to modern research challenges. Conclusion; The study emphasizes the growing importance of XAS in uncovering the intricacies of diverse systems and addresses future trends in the field. By showcasing the innovative potential of this technique, it reinforces its pivotal role in advancing knowledge across scientific disciplines while paving the way for further methodological and application-oriented breakthroughs.