Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: A Holistic Approach. Part 2

Introduction: Intelligence has been a fundamental object of study within psychology and other sciences, evolving in its definition and measurement. During the 20th century, the intelligence quotient (IQ) was consolidated as a method of cognitive evaluation, based on the work of Binet and Simon, later perfected by Terman. However, various approaches have questioned the validity of IQ as the only indicator of intelligence, postulating alternative models such as Gardner's theory of multiple intelligences and Sternberg's triarchic theory. Development: of the concept of intelligence has been explored through various theories and psychometric tests. Since the creation of the first tests, IQ measurement has been refined, including instruments such as the Stanford-Binet Scale and the Wechsler Scale. These tests have made it possible to assess general cognitive abilities, but they have also generated controversy regarding their application and validity in different contexts. The assessment of IQ has evolved over time, incorporating factors such as working memory, processing speed and verbal comprehension. Intelligence, rather than a unitary capacity, is now understood as a set of interrelated abilities. Likewise, the importance of the sociocultural context in its development has been emphasized, highlighting the influence of education and the environment. Conclusions: The study of intelligence has moved from traditional psychometric models towards more integrative approaches. Current understanding recognizes that intelligence is multifaceted, influenced by biological, psychological and environmental factors. Future research will continue to explore new, more inclusive and representative forms of assessment.