Adaptive Control Strategies for Bioprinting Tissues and Organs in Biomedical Engineering Applications

Bioprinting is a revolutionary technology in the area of producing organs and tissues in biomedical engineering. Despite potential, variability in bioinks, nonlinear dynamics, and variability in the environment cause precision and reliability in the process. The current methods, such as the Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID) controller, are plagued with disadvantages such as slow convergence, susceptibility to local minima, and a lack of adaptability in variable conditions. Overcoming these disadvantages, a hybrid system is presented, Scalable Shuffled Shepherd-tuned adaptive PID controller (SSS-Adaptive PID). The Adaptive PID Controller dynamically adapts in real time with variable conditions and guarantees stability and responsiveness. The SSS Optimization maximizes optimization with increased convergence and enhanced robustness and overcomes the issues with time-varying and nonlinear conditions in bioprinting. The results of the experiments are reduced Rise Time (0.21 × 10⁻5 sec), Settling Time (0.05 × 10⁻3 sec) and peak time (0.09 × 10⁻3 sec). Improved cell viability and structure fidelity are also noted in printed constructs. It overcomes the disadvantages to conventional methods and is a consistent and efficient solution in 3D bioprinting. By permitting adaptive and accurate control, the system makes high-quality organs and tissues production possible in biomedical applications.