Digital transformation in medical education: Pedagogical innovations and challenges in the post-COVID-19

Introduction: The digital transformation in medical education has seen significant progress between 2018 and 2022, accelerated by the COVID-19 pandemic. This article examines the main trends and challenges in this field. Highlights include the adoption of online learning platforms, virtual simulations, artificial intelligence, gamification, and international collaboration. Methodology: This article used a desk review approach to determine the most frequent trends and challenges in the scientific literature on the topic in question between 2018 and 2022. The study was structured into five key stages, which allowed the organization of the search, analysis, and results preparation process. Results: These innovations ensured the continuity of medical training during the health crisis. They also revealed gaps in infrastructure, teacher training, and equitable access to digital resources. Artificial intelligence and virtual simulations proved to be valuable tools for personalized learning and clinical practice, although their implementation poses ethical and pedagogical challenges. Gamification emerged as a motivating strategy, but its effectiveness depends on careful integration with traditional methods. International collaboration and open educational resources democratized access to knowledge, although inequalities persist that limit their global impact. Conclusion: This analysis underscores the need for a balanced approach that combines technological innovation with comprehensive and equitable medical training, in order to prepare health professionals for the challenges of the future. Keywords: COVID-19, medical education, pedagogical innovation, emerging technologies, digital transformation.