The Metamorphosis of Global Trade Routes: Immediate Challenges and Advanced Logistics Techniques

Introduction: In the context of dynamic global transformations, digitalisation is becoming a key factor in improving the efficiency and sustainability of global supply chains. Emerging technologies such as artificial intelligence, blockchain, and the Internet of Things (IoT) have demonstrated the potential to optimise logistics processes and mitigate operational risks. Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the measurable impact of specific digital technologies on logistics efficiency and supply chain sustainability, as well as to assess their role in supporting transparency, cost reduction, and fraud prevention. Methods: A mixed-methods approach was employed, combining qualitative analysis with comparative quantitative assessment. The study analysed case-based data on the integration of blockchain for secure documentation, AI-driven route optimisation and sales forecasting, and IoT-based monitoring systems to enhance service quality and reduce delays. Results: The findings revealed that the implementation of AI reduced delivery time by an average of 15%, while blockchain applications decreased document-processing fraud incidents by 23%. Additionally, IoT solutions contributed to a 12% improvement in inventory visibility and reduced losses. Conclusions: Modern digital tools have practical applicability in reshaping supply chain operations, improving resilience and responsiveness. Future research should focus on the development of adaptive risk management frameworks tailored to the cybersecurity and cost-related challenges of digital transformation.