Green innovation and territorial development in cocoa-growing communities

Introduction: This research addressed the problem of cocoa cultivation in the municipality of Roberto Payán, Nariño, a region historically affected by illicit crops and armed conflict. The main objective was to propose strategies that would allow local farmers to adopt cocoa as a main, viable and sustainable economic activity, thus displacing interest in illegal crops. Development: The study identified multiple challenges faced by cocoa harvesters, including lack of institutional support, low profitability, competition with illicit crops and lack of knowledge about efficient production techniques. However, it was also recognised that producers possessed valuable empirical knowledge. In this context, the research promoted the adoption of green innovation as an integral solution. This allowed for the improvement of cocoa quality through sustainable practices, technical training of farmers, and the valorisation of the product at national and international level. The experience of Tumaco, a leader in cocoa production in the department, served as a reference for replicating successful models in Roberto Payán. Conclusion: It was concluded that strengthening cocoa cultivation in Roberto Payán, with public policy support, investment in infrastructure and rural education, would allow not only economic reconversion, but also sustainable regional development. This transformation required the articulation of local, institutional and community actors, positioning cocoa as a symbol of legality, progress and territorial reconciliation.