Risk Factors for the Incidence of Preeclampsia among Pregnant Women of Bungi Health Center in Pinrang

Background: Preeclampsia is one of the main causes of maternal death in Indonesia besides bleeding and infection. Preeclampsia is a condition where pregnant women with gestational age reaching 20 weeks have high blood pressure accompanied by proteinuria ≥+1. Objective: To determine the magnitude of the risk of independent factors on the incidence of preeclampsia in pregnant women at the Bungi Health Center, Pinrang Regency. Methods: This study used a case-control study design with a total sample of 123 people (41 cases and 82 controls) selected with purposive sampling from pregnant women data at Bungi Health Center from January – December 2023. Data were analyzed univariate, Odds Ratio test and Logistic Regression. Results: The results showed that variables that had significant risk factors for the incidence of preeclampsia were family history of disease (OR= 2.171; 95% CI: 1.003–4.699), ANC history (OR= 2.262; 95% CI: 1.048-4.879) , history of hypertension (OR= 2.215; 95% CI: 1.015-4.834) , and frequency of classes for pregnant women (OR= 2.328; 95% CI: 1.076-5.035 ). While variables that are not risk factors for the incidence of preeclampsia are education (OR = 0.406; 95% CI: 0.186-0.884) , parity ( OR = 1.357; 95% CI: 0.632-2.910), history of maternal disease (OR = 1.997; 95% CI: 0.930-4.287), obesity (OR = 0.412; 95% CI: 0.179-0.951) and pregnancy distance (OR = 0.434; 95% CI: 0.195-0.967). Conclusion: The results showed that significant risk factors for the incidence of preeclampsia based on bivariate analysis were: family history of disease, ANC history, history of hypertension and frequency of classes for pregnant women. While the results of multivariate analysis identified the most dominant risk factor for the incidence of preeclampsia, namely hypertension with OR = 38.620 ( p = 0.003) it means that mothers with a history of hypertension have a greater risk of experiencing preeclampsia 38,620 times than pregnant women who do not have a history of hypertension, after being controlled by other variables such as education, family history of disease, obesity and class of pregnant women. These results emphasize the importance of early screening and strict monitoring of pregnant women with a history of hypertension, including preventive management and educational efforts from the preconception or early pre-conception.