Evolution of treatment strategies for prostate cancer: a systematic review

Introduction: Prostate cancer is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in men, with prevalence and severity varying based on access to healthcare services and available treatment options. Objective: This systematic review aimed to explore the evolution of therapeutic strategies in the management of prostate cancer, evaluating the efficacy of different treatments and their impact on patients' quality of life. Methodology: A comprehensive search was conducted using Google Scholar, analyzing 22 selected articles after applying rigorous inclusion and exclusion criteria. Results: The findings indicate that androgen deprivation therapy, along with agents such as abiraterone and enzalutamide, has proven effective in managing hormone-sensitive and castration-resistant prostate cancer. Furthermore, second-generation antiandrogens and combination therapies with PARP inhibitors have demonstrated the ability to extend survival in specific cases. Conclusions: Immunotherapy, while showing limited benefits as a standalone treatment, exhibits greater efficacy when combined with other therapies, such as radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Nanomedicine remains an underdeveloped strategy but holds promise for enhancing the selectivity and efficacy of drugs in patients who have developed resistance to other treatments.