Clinical and epidemiological characterization of patients with ischemic heart disease and left ventricular dysfunction

Introduction: One of the most common causes of heart failure is ischemic heart disease. Objective: To characterize patients with a diagnosis of ischemic heart disease and left ventricular dysfunction from an epidemiological and clinical point of view. Methods: Observational, descriptive and cross-sectional study in a population of 300 patients with a diagnosis of ischemic heart disease and left ventricular dysfunction, treated in the cardiology service of the Saturnino Lora Torres Provincial Clinical Surgical Teaching Hospital, from January 2021 to December 2023. The summary measures were applied for each type of variable, in each statistical test a significance level α=0.05 was used. Results: 53.3% of the patients were in the age group of 60 to 79 years and 66.0% were male. A significant statistical association was found between the presence of pulmonary edema and systolic-diastolic dysfunction of the left ventricle; as well as cardiogenic shock, sustained ventricular arrhythmias, stroke and pulmonary embolism with the status at discharge. Conclusions: Patients with a diagnosis of ischemic heart disease and left ventricular dysfunction were characterized by advanced age, disparity in the proportion between sexes. The presence of pulmonary edema was secondary to systolic-diastolic dysfunction of the left ventricle. Patients with negative coronary angiography, cardiogenic shock, sustained ventricular arrhythmias, stroke, and pulmonary embolism were associated with discharge status.