Well-being and Inequalities in Cuba. Study of Validity and Reliability of tests

Introduction: The study of inequalities is a subject that concerns professionals, especially psychologists, whose objective is human happiness. In Cuba, there are many researches that analyze the subject from different perspectives. Well-being has not been “measured” from clinical indicators and, in turn, clinical studies have not sufficiently explored its relationship with inequalities - taking into account the heterogeneization and restructuring that has taken place in the Cuban social structure in the last five years. Methods: The study shared here was aimed at validating the application of 3 questionnaires (WHO-5, Ryff abbreviated and DASS-21) for the measurement of subjective well-being in Cuba. The tests were applied to a sample of Psychology students at the University of Havana. We estimate the reliability of the tests through Cronbach’s α and McDonald´s ω. Construct validity was check with confirmatory factorial analysis based on structural equations models. Focus groups were also conducted with these students. Results: The results showed that the abbreviated Ryff and DASS-21 are reliable and valid as a construct, and differentiated reports of well-being related to sex. Structural elements related to the country's economy, deterioration of public health, existing regulations or policies, and emigration were placed as sources of discomfort, differentiating their impacts in relation to the place occupied in the social structure. Conclusions: The abbreviated Ryff and DASS-21 showed good reliability and construct validity. Sociodemographic factors differentiate experiences of well-being, although they do not define them. The subjective qualification of well-being and the mediation of various psychological processes are emphasized. It is possible to train in well-being management tools. These results are important in the current national context because contribute to maintaining hope, impel us not to settle into “subjective management” and to take sides in political dynamics. They alert the need for articulation of the different branches of psychology.