Coronary Microcirculatory Dysfunction. Diagnostic approach

Introduction: Angina pectoris affects more than 100 million people worldwide. Many of these patients present with angina with non-obstructive coronary arteries (ANOCA) or ischemia with non-obstructive coronary arteries (INOCA). In these patients, angina or ischemia is caused by vasomotor disorders of the epicardial vessels or arterioles, or by coronary microvascular dysfunction. Objective: Systematize the current state of knowledge of Coronary Microcirculatory Dysfunction. Methods: A qualitative observational study was carried out, consisting of a systematic bibliographic review. The guidelines of the PRISMA statement (2) were followed. The search terms consulted were: Coronary Microcirculatory Dysfunction, INOCA and ANOCA. Development: Coronary Microcirculatory Dysfunction (CMD) refers to a broad spectrum of structural and functional disorders that affect coronary microcirculation and subsequently lead to impaired coronary blood flow in response to increased myocardial oxygen demand. Conclusions: Coronary Microcirculatory Dysfunction represents a highly prevalent entity, with significant clinical relevance and can appear as a primary or secondary entity to other cardiovascular entities, being associated with high mortality and high readmission rates.